Nat Commun:揭示胚胎干细胞分化成机体成熟细胞的机制

2012-07-19 T.Shen 生物谷

近日,来自耶路撒冷希伯来大学的研究者揭示,胚胎干细胞可以不确定地更新自身细胞并且可以分化成为所有类型的成熟细胞。解决了现代生物学中的一大难题,研究者们便可以加速将胚胎干细胞应用于细胞治疗以及再生药物的设计中。研究中研究者Eran通过结合分子生物学、显微技术以及遗传学的方法;而另外一组研究者运用针对胚胎干细胞的表观遗传学方法,相关研究成果刊登在了国际著名杂志Nature Communications

近日,来自耶路撒冷希伯来大学的研究者揭示,胚胎干细胞可以不确定地更新自身细胞并且可以分化成为所有类型的成熟细胞。解决了现代生物学中的一大难题,研究者们便可以加速将胚胎干细胞应用于细胞治疗以及再生药物的设计中。研究中研究者Eran通过结合分子生物学、显微技术以及遗传学的方法;而另外一组研究者运用针对胚胎干细胞的表观遗传学方法,相关研究成果刊登在了国际著名杂志Nature Communications上。

表观遗传学的分子基础就是染色质,当然了染色质由DNA和调节蛋白质组成,研究者发现在胚胎干细胞中染色质是低浓缩状态的,这无疑就允许胚胎干细胞具有灵活性以及功能可塑性,并且去转变成任何成熟的细胞。

染色质结构蛋白的化学修饰的特定模式(包括组蛋白的乙酰化和甲基化修饰)可以使得胚胎干细胞中的染色质更加的可塑以及松动。在干细胞分化的早期阶段,这种样式的改变容易使得染色质变得收缩。更为有意思的是,研究者发现了一种和核纤层蛋白A,在所有的分化细胞类型中,核纤层蛋白A都可以结合在染色质紧密的结构域上,并且锚定染色质至细胞的核被膜。核纤层蛋白A在胚胎干细胞中是缺失的,这就促成了细胞核中更多空闲的染色质。研究者坚信,染色质的可塑性与其功能的可塑性是等值的,理解调节染色质功能的机制未来或可使得我们对胚胎干细胞进行智能化的操作。

如果我们使胚胎干细胞这种可塑性得到应用,那么我们将会增加或者减少结合DNA蛋白质的动态,并且可以增加或者减少细胞的分化潜能。而且未来我们可以使得胚胎干细胞的用于基因治疗和再生医学中,尤其是在实验室中培育出特定的组织植入人体,治疗诸如阿尔兹海默症、帕金森等疾病。

编译自:Researchers identify mechanisms that allow embryonic stem cells to become any cell in the human body

doi:10.1038/ncomms1915
PMC:
PMID:

Histone modifications and lamin A regulate chromatin protein dynamics in early embryonic stem cell differentiation

Shai Melcer,1 Hadas Hezroni,1 Eyal Rand,2 Malka Nissim-Rafinia,1 Arthur Skoultchi,3 Colin L. Stewart,4, 5 Michael Bustin2 & Eran Meshorer1

Embryonic stem cells are characterized by unique epigenetic features including decondensed chromatin and hyperdynamic association of chromatin proteins with chromatin. Here we investigate the potential mechanisms that regulate chromatin plasticity in embryonic stem cells. Using epigenetic drugs and mutant embryonic stem cells lacking various chromatin proteins, we find that histone acetylation, G9a-mediated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation and lamin A expression, all affect chromatin protein dynamics. Histone acetylation controls, almost exclusively, euchromatin protein dynamics; lamin A expression regulates heterochromatin protein dynamics, and G9a regulates both euchromatin and heterochromatin protein dynamics. In contrast, we find that DNA methylation and nucleosome repeat length have little or no effect on chromatin-binding protein dynamics in embryonic stem cells. Altered chromatin dynamics associates with perturbed embryonic stem cell differentiation. Together, these data provide mechanistic insights into the epigenetic pathways that are responsible for chromatin plasticity in embryonic stem cells, and indicate that the genome's epigenetic state modulates chromatin plasticity and differentiation potential of embryonic stem cells.

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2086616, encodeId=5bd12086616be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=490750196b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#COMMUN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5019, encryptionId=490750196b, topicName=COMMUN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7931272, createdName=liuli5079, createdTime=Tue Jul 24 22:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1879315, encodeId=7c5918e9315fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Mar 08 21:11:00 CST 2013, time=2013-03-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315218, encodeId=18c513152184a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Sat Jul 21 02:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1351191, encodeId=60c41351191cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=37b083e182b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎干细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83718, encryptionId=37b083e182b, topicName=胚胎干细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sat Jul 21 02:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1570154, encodeId=71dc15e015447, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a66ae7809b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞分化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77809, encryptionId=a66ae7809b1, topicName=细胞分化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=653c15636865, createdName=karmond, createdTime=Sat Jul 21 02:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-07-24 liuli5079
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2086616, encodeId=5bd12086616be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=490750196b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#COMMUN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5019, encryptionId=490750196b, topicName=COMMUN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7931272, createdName=liuli5079, createdTime=Tue Jul 24 22:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1879315, encodeId=7c5918e9315fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Mar 08 21:11:00 CST 2013, time=2013-03-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315218, encodeId=18c513152184a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Sat Jul 21 02:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1351191, encodeId=60c41351191cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=37b083e182b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎干细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83718, encryptionId=37b083e182b, topicName=胚胎干细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sat Jul 21 02:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1570154, encodeId=71dc15e015447, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a66ae7809b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞分化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77809, encryptionId=a66ae7809b1, topicName=细胞分化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=653c15636865, createdName=karmond, createdTime=Sat Jul 21 02:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2013-03-08 liye789132251
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2086616, encodeId=5bd12086616be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=490750196b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#COMMUN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5019, encryptionId=490750196b, topicName=COMMUN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7931272, createdName=liuli5079, createdTime=Tue Jul 24 22:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1879315, encodeId=7c5918e9315fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Mar 08 21:11:00 CST 2013, time=2013-03-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315218, encodeId=18c513152184a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Sat Jul 21 02:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1351191, encodeId=60c41351191cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=37b083e182b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎干细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83718, encryptionId=37b083e182b, topicName=胚胎干细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sat Jul 21 02:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1570154, encodeId=71dc15e015447, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a66ae7809b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞分化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77809, encryptionId=a66ae7809b1, topicName=细胞分化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=653c15636865, createdName=karmond, createdTime=Sat Jul 21 02:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-07-21 ailian1202
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2086616, encodeId=5bd12086616be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=490750196b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#COMMUN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5019, encryptionId=490750196b, topicName=COMMUN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7931272, createdName=liuli5079, createdTime=Tue Jul 24 22:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1879315, encodeId=7c5918e9315fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Mar 08 21:11:00 CST 2013, time=2013-03-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315218, encodeId=18c513152184a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Sat Jul 21 02:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1351191, encodeId=60c41351191cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=37b083e182b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎干细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83718, encryptionId=37b083e182b, topicName=胚胎干细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sat Jul 21 02:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1570154, encodeId=71dc15e015447, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a66ae7809b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞分化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77809, encryptionId=a66ae7809b1, topicName=细胞分化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=653c15636865, createdName=karmond, createdTime=Sat Jul 21 02:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2086616, encodeId=5bd12086616be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=490750196b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#COMMUN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5019, encryptionId=490750196b, topicName=COMMUN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7931272, createdName=liuli5079, createdTime=Tue Jul 24 22:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1879315, encodeId=7c5918e9315fd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Mar 08 21:11:00 CST 2013, time=2013-03-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315218, encodeId=18c513152184a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Sat Jul 21 02:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1351191, encodeId=60c41351191cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=37b083e182b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎干细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83718, encryptionId=37b083e182b, topicName=胚胎干细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sat Jul 21 02:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1570154, encodeId=71dc15e015447, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a66ae7809b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞分化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77809, encryptionId=a66ae7809b1, topicName=细胞分化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=653c15636865, createdName=karmond, createdTime=Sat Jul 21 02:11:00 CST 2012, time=2012-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

相关资讯

Nature:人类胚胎干细胞的新调控因子

如果要使人类胚胎干细胞在研究和临床应用中的全部潜力都发挥出来,我们便需要对掌控它们独特性质的遗传网络有一个细致的了解。 一项全基因组RNA干涉扫描,在人类胚胎干细胞中识别出自我更新和多能性的大量新调控因子。例如,PRDM14是维持人类胚胎身份及体细胞向多能性重新编程所需的一个关键转录因子。(生物谷Bioon.com) 生物谷推荐英文摘要: Nature  doi:10.1038/n

Diabetes:胚胎干细胞移植治疗糖尿病动物实验获成功

近日,加拿大和美国科学家在一项最新研究中,通过向罹患糖尿病的实验鼠移植人类胚胎干细胞,成功使实验鼠恢复了胰岛素分泌功能。这项研究由加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学和美国扬森研发公司共同完成,并于近日发表在《糖尿病》(Diabetes)期刊上。科学家希望这一新发现能为寻求治疗糖尿病的新疗法铺平道路。 在研究中,患有糖尿病的实验鼠在接受干细胞移植后,研究人员停止向它们注射胰岛素。三四个月后,实验鼠即使被喂食

美国实施首例利用胚胎干细胞医治失明手术

来源:科技日报     据美国《华盛顿邮报》及《技术评论杂志》在线版7月15日消息,美国于近日正式进行了首例以人类胚胎干细胞医治渐进式失明患者的手术。这是美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准的第二起人类胚胎干细胞人体临床试验。而本次手术治疗备受重视,被认为是干细胞领域的重要里程碑,或将使饱受争议的人类胚胎干细胞研究证明其真实价值。   

Mol Cell:胚胎干细胞可以感知DNA损伤发生“自杀”行为

图中显示,在胚胎干细胞中,激活的Bax蛋白(红色)可以定位在高尔基体中;蓝色的为细胞核 (Credit: Deshmukh Lab, UNC-Chapel Hill) 胚胎干细胞可以在机体中分化成为各种类型的细胞,如果胚胎干细胞在胚胎发育过程中遭受损伤,它们为了胚胎的正常发育会很快“自我了断”,这项来自北卡罗来纳大学研究者的研究成果刊登在了近日的国际杂志Molecular Cell上。这项研究发