Lancet:1–3 个阳性淋巴结患者的乳房切除术后放疗减少复发和乳腺癌死亡率

2014-04-14 MedSci MedSci原创

既往的荟萃分析显示,在合并考虑所有患有淋巴结阳性疾病的女性患者时,乳房切除术后放疗可减少复发和乳腺癌死亡风险。 但是,在仅有一到三个阳性淋巴结的女性中其效果尚不确定。 我们的目的是:评估在这些女性中,乳房切除术和腋窝淋巴结清扫术后放疗的效果。方法在 1964—86 年间,有 22 项试验将乳房切除术和腋窝手术后进行胸壁和局部淋巴结放疗与在同样的手术后无放疗进行了对比。我们对在这些试验中随机分入治疗

既往的荟萃分析显示,在合并考虑所有患有淋巴结阳性疾病的女性患者时,乳房切除术后放疗可减少复发和乳腺癌死亡风险。 但是,在仅有一到三个阳性淋巴结的女性中其效果尚不确定。 我们的目的是:评估在这些女性中,乳房切除术和腋窝淋巴结清扫术后放疗的效果。

方法

在 1964—86 年间,有 22 项试验将乳房切除术和腋窝手术后进行胸壁和局部淋巴结放疗与在同样的手术后无放疗进行了对比。我们对在这些试验中随机分入治疗组的 8135 名女性的个人数据进行了荟萃分析。 针对复发的随访持续了 10 年,针对死亡率的随访持续至 2009 年 1 月 1 日。 根据试验、个别随访年、入组时的年龄和淋巴结的病理状态对分析进行分层。

结果

3786 名女性接受了至少 II 级的腋窝淋巴结清扫术,其阳性淋巴结数分别为零、一到三个、四个及更多。 所有这些女性所参与的试验中,化疗范围包括胸壁、锁骨上或腋窝(或两者皆有)以及内乳淋巴结。 对于 700 名接受了腋窝淋巴结清扫术,且无阳性淋巴结的女性,放疗对局部复发(双侧显著性水平 [2p]>0.1),总复发(率比 [RR], 放疗比无放疗 1.06, 95% CI 0.76—1.48, 2p>0.1)及乳腺癌死亡率 (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.89—1.55, 2p>0.1) 均无显著效果。 对于 1314 名接受了腋窝淋巴结清扫术,且具有一到三个阳性淋巴结的女性,放疗可减少局部复发 (2p<0.00001)、总复发 (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.57—0.82, 2p=0.00006) 和乳腺癌死亡率 (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67—0.95, 2p=0.01)。 在这 1314 名女性中,有 1133 人所参与的试验中两个实验组均接受了全身治疗(环磷酰胺、甲氨蝶呤、氟尿嘧啶或他莫昔芬),对于她们而言,放疗也可减少局部复发 (2p<0.00001)、总复发 (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.55—0.82, 2p=0.00009) 和乳腺癌死亡率 (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64—0.94, 2p=0.01)。 对于 1772 名接受了腋窝淋巴结清扫术,且具有四个或更多阳性淋巴结的女性,放疗可减少局部复发 (2p<0.00001)、总复发 (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69—0.90, 2p=0.0003) 和乳腺癌死亡率 (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77—0.99, 2p=0.04)。

结果解读

对于这些试验中具有一到三个阳性淋巴结的女性,乳房切除术和腋窝淋巴结清扫术后放疗可减少复发和乳腺癌死亡率,即使在给予全身治疗时依然如此。今天许多国家中女性的复发风险均较低,对于她们而言绝对效益可能较小,但由于进行了更有效的放疗,其比例增益有可能增大。 

原始出处:

Ebctcg Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group.Effect of radiotherapy after mastectomy and axillary surgery on 10-year recurrence and 20-year breast cancer mortality: meta-analysis of individual patient data for 8135 women in 22 randomised trials.Lancet. 2014 Mar 19. pii: S0140-6736(14)60488-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60488-8. [Epub ahead of print]


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    2015-03-09 howi
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    2014-04-16 sodoo

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