CELL METAB:这可能是一种面向吃货的新型减肥法……

2017-07-07 佚名 生物探索

嗅觉是我们能够享受美食的关键。所以,在加州大学伯克利分校的一项研究中,失去嗅觉的肥胖小鼠日渐消瘦,这或许没什么稀奇的。然而,意料之外的是这些嗅觉失灵小鼠食量并没有减少,它们也吃了与嗅觉正常小鼠等量的高脂饮食,但却不会像正常小鼠那样发胖。此外,小鼠嗅觉越是灵敏,高脂饮食越是容易让它们发胖。这一研究发表于近日的Cell Metabolism期刊上。这实在是一项令人意外的研究——食物气味可能会影响身体储

嗅觉是我们能够享受美食的关键。所以,在加州大学伯克利分校的一项研究中,失去嗅觉的肥胖小鼠日渐消瘦,这或许没什么稀奇的。然而,意料之外的是这些嗅觉失灵小鼠食量并没有减少,它们也吃了与嗅觉正常小鼠等量的高脂饮食,但却不会像正常小鼠那样发胖。此外,小鼠嗅觉越是灵敏,高脂饮食越是容易让它们发胖。这一研究发表于近日的Cell Metabolism期刊上。
这实在是一项令人意外的研究——食物气味可能会影响身体储存脂肪的过程。如果你不能闻到食物气味,你的身体或许会更倾向于燃烧脂肪而非储存脂肪。

“感官系统在新陈代谢中扮演着重要角色,体重增加不仅仅取决于卡路里摄取,也与这些卡路里被如何处理有关。”本研究的资深作者Andrew Dillin表示,“如果可以在人类中验证这一点,也许我们能够制造一种不会干扰嗅觉的药物,但仍然能阻断有关的代谢环路,这将是十分惊人的。”

本研究第一作者Céline Riera博士指出,小鼠和人类在饥饿时的嗅觉更加敏感,或许气味缺乏让身体误以为自己已经吃过了。在寻找食物时,身体会储存卡路里,以防觅食失败。一旦食物得到保障,身体就会随意地燃烧脂肪。
研究人员使用了基因疗法来破坏成年小鼠鼻中的嗅觉神经元,但是不影响干细胞,因此小鼠只是暂时失去嗅觉。嗅觉缺陷的小鼠通过上调其交感神经系统迅速燃烧卡路里。它们的白色脂肪细胞缩小,米色脂肪细胞被转变成棕色脂肪细胞,燃烧脂肪酸产生热量。(注:白色脂肪的主要作用是将体内多余能量以脂肪的形式储存起来,形成通常人们所不愿看到的肥胖,而棕色脂肪能将脂肪转化为热量。)

原本肥胖且葡萄糖耐受不良(可导致糖尿病)的小鼠不仅在高脂肪饮食下减轻体重,而且还恢复到正常的葡萄糖耐量。

不过,嗅觉的丧失也伴随着不利的一面,比如去甲肾上腺素的水平大幅增加。在人类中,这种激素的持续上升可能导致心脏病发作。

在该研究中,Dillin和Riera开发了两种不同的技术来暂时阻断成年小鼠的嗅觉。一方面,他们利用基因工程改造小鼠,在其嗅觉神经元中表达白喉受体。当将白喉毒素喷入鼻腔时,神经元死亡,使小鼠嗅觉失灵,直至干细胞再生。另外,他们还设计了携带受体的病毒,通过吸入发挥作用,这种方法大概能让小鼠嗅觉失灵三周。
在这两种情况下,嗅觉失灵小鼠吃的高脂食物的量都和正常小鼠相当。但是,嗅觉失灵的小鼠体重最多增加10%(从25-30克增加到33克),而正常的小鼠体重增加了100%,(高达60克)。并且,嗅觉失灵小鼠的胰岛素敏感性和对葡萄糖的反应也都保持正常。

已经肥胖的小鼠在嗅觉被抑制后日渐消瘦,减到了正常小鼠的体重,尽管它们仍然吃高脂肪饮食。并且这些小鼠只减脂肪,它们的肌肉,器官或骨质没有受到任何影响。

加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员随后与德国的同事们合作,后者有一批嗅觉超级灵敏的小鼠,他们发现,在标准饮食下,这些小鼠比普通小鼠获得更多体重。

人类在失去嗅觉后是否有同样的反应还不得而知。德国德累斯顿技术大学的临床神经科学家Thomas Hummel和他的同事研究过由于头部受伤或其他原因而嗅觉失灵人,几乎没有人因此减肥。但是,如果研究人员确实能证明对人体的影响,暂时抑制嗅觉或许能够提供一种新的减肥方法。例如,开发一种鼻喷雾剂,使嗅觉神经元在几个小时内消失。人们可以在吃饭之前喷一剂以帮助保持体重。
原始出处:
Celine E.Riera,Eva Tsaousidou,Jonathan Halloran,et al,The Sense of Smell Impacts Metabolic Health and Obesity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2017.06.015.

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    2017-08-10 维他命
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    2018-02-14 guojianrong
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    2018-06-20 一闲
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960307, encodeId=ee56196030eb6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 03:45:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1887685, encodeId=fcd3188e685d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Wed Feb 14 23:45:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896102, encodeId=11b9189610210, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Wed Jun 20 13:45:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870048, encodeId=84f918e0048d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Mon Jun 18 04:45:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219516, encodeId=98662195166d, content=非常好的文章,学习了,很受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 13:00:40 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219508, encodeId=ed90219508a6, content=——食物气味可能会影响身体储存脂肪的过程。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 12:43:26 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219464, encodeId=7756219464f4, content=谢谢分享谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170126/IMG588939F5DDB338350.jpg, createdBy=b3812014266, createdName=琵琶枇杷, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 10:05:54 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960307, encodeId=ee56196030eb6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Aug 10 03:45:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1887685, encodeId=fcd3188e685d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Wed Feb 14 23:45:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896102, encodeId=11b9189610210, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Wed Jun 20 13:45:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870048, encodeId=84f918e0048d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Mon Jun 18 04:45:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219516, encodeId=98662195166d, content=非常好的文章,学习了,很受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 13:00:40 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219508, encodeId=ed90219508a6, content=——食物气味可能会影响身体储存脂肪的过程。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 12:43:26 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219464, encodeId=7756219464f4, content=谢谢分享谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170126/IMG588939F5DDB338350.jpg, createdBy=b3812014266, createdName=琵琶枇杷, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 10:05:54 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-07 天涯183

    非常好的文章,学习了,很受益

    0

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    2017-07-07 lyh994

    ——食物气味可能会影响身体储存脂肪的过程。

    0

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    2017-07-07 琵琶枇杷

    谢谢分享谢谢分享

    0

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