JAMA:母体性传播感染与早产风险的关系

2022-01-31 医路坦克 MedSci原创

早产是指在怀孕37周之前出生,是全球新生儿发病率和死亡率的主要原因,研究表明衣原体、淋病和梅毒的母体性传播感染与早产的风险增加有关,特别是中度和极早产。

    早产是指在怀孕37周之前出生,是全球新生儿发病率和死亡率的主要原因。从2016年到2019年,早产患病率有所上升。需要继续努力确定早产的可改变和可预防的风险因素。

    母体感染通过宫内炎症反应与早产的发病机制有关。衣原体、淋病和梅毒是世界上最常见的性传播感染(STI)。已知母体性传播感染对发育中的胎儿有不利影响。然而,关于母体性传播感染与早产之间关系的研究很少,结果尚无定论。利用大量不同人群的数据和关于潜在混杂因素(如详细的社会人口信息、产前因素、医疗和/或健康因素)的现有信息进行研究,对于澄清母体性传播感染可能如何导致早产至关重要。

     在美国,衣原体、淋病和梅毒在怀孕期间进行常规筛查,并记录在出生证明中。因此,在这项回顾性队列研究中,我们利用全国范围内的出生证明数据,在1400多万对母婴中检查了母体衣原体、淋病和梅毒感染与早产风险的关系。

     这项基于人口的回顾性队列研究检查了2016年至2019年美国国家生命统计系统(National Vital Statistics System)的全国出生证明数据。所有独生子女的母亲以及怀孕前或怀孕期间衣原体、淋病或梅毒感染的可用数据以及出生时的孕周都包括在分析中。

     这项研究包括14373023名母亲(平均年龄29[5.8]岁;西班牙裔,3435333[23.9%];非西班牙裔亚裔,912425[6.3%];非西班牙裔黑人,205806[14.3%];非西班牙裔白人,7386568[51.4%])。母亲衣原体267260例(1.9%),淋病43147例(0.3%),梅毒16321例(0.1%)。新生儿中早产114.68万例(8.0%)。衣原体感染、淋病感染和梅毒感染的早产率分别为9.9%、12.2%和13.3%。在调整了社会人口学、医学和/或健康因素后,与患有这些疾病的母亲相比,衣原体感染、淋病、梅毒和性传播感染的调整后的优势比分别为1.03(95%CI,1.02~1.04)、1.11(95%CI,1.08~1.15)、1.17(95%CI,1.11~1.22)和1.06(95%CI,1.05~1.07),这些性传播感染的母亲与未患有这些疾病的母亲相比,调整后的OR值分别为1.03(95%CI,1.02~1.04)、1.11(95%CI,1.08~1.15)、1.17(95%CI,1.11~1.22)。

      在美国的这项大型全国性研究中,衣原体、淋病和梅毒的母体性传播感染与早产的风险增加有关,特别是中度和极早产。这些发现表明,怀孕前或怀孕期间有性传播感染的孕妇有必要对早产进行有针对性的预防。需要进一步的研究才能了解其潜在的机制。

文献来源: Gao R,  Liu B,  Yang W,Association of Maternal Sexually Transmitted Infections With Risk of Preterm Birth in the United States.JAMA Netw Open 2021 Nov 01;4(11)

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    2022-02-02 ms8000002131411968

    产前检查很有必要

    0

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