NEJM:射频消融治疗房颤与药物治疗效果相似

2012-10-29 NEJM NEJM

  射频(RF)消融作为一线治疗阵发性心房颤动(AF)是否比药物控制心率治疗更有效?一项随机研究显示,2年随访期间射频消融组阵发性房颤患者的房颤负担总体降幅与药物治疗组相似,该研究在线发表于10月25日的《新英格兰医学杂志》上。   这项MANTA-PAF研究从丹麦、芬兰、德国和瑞典的中心纳入294例既往未接受过消融治疗或ⅠC类或Ⅲ类抗心律失常药物治疗的≤70岁(平均55岁)阵发性房颤患者。略多

  射频(RF)消融作为一线治疗阵发性心房颤动(AF)是否比药物控制心率治疗更有效?一项随机研究显示,2年随访期间射频消融组阵发性房颤患者的房颤负担总体降幅与药物治疗组相似,该研究在线发表于10月25日的《新英格兰医学杂志》上。

  这项MANTA-PAF研究从丹麦、芬兰、德国和瑞典的中心纳入294例既往未接受过消融治疗或ⅠC类或Ⅲ类抗心律失常药物治疗的≤70岁(平均55岁)阵发性房颤患者。略多于2/3的患者为男性。

  在射频消融组146例患者中,140例平均接受1.6次消融。3例患者各接受了4次消融,此为所有患者中接受的最高消融次数。2年后,消融组13例患者接受至少1种抗心律失常药物治疗。

  在初始药物治疗组148例患者中,131例接受ⅠC类药物治疗,15例接受Ⅲ类药物治疗。每例患者平均使用1.26种药物,24个月后(研究开始后平均9个月),54例(36%)患者因药物疗效不佳而进行消融手术。

  研究者在研究开始后3、6、12、18和24个月通过连续7天心电图监测来记录房颤发作情况。在为期2年的整个随访期内,两个治疗组在房颤负担方面的差异无统计学显着性。除了最后的第24个月监测到消融组的房颤发生率显着低于药物治疗组之外,其他监测时间点均未发现两组的房颤负担存在显着差异。

  次要终点分析显示,消融组24个月时无任何房颤的患者比例显着高于药物治疗组(85% vs. 71%),24个月时无症状性房颤的患者比例也显着高于药物治疗组(93% vs. 84%)。此外,消融组36项简表(SF-36)身体组分总平均分显着优于药物治疗组。两组在心理组分总分的改善方面无显着差异。

  两组的总体严重不良事件评分也非常相似。消融组有3例患者出现继发于消融的重度心脏压塞。消融组和药物治疗组分别有3例和4例患者死亡。

  该研究的优点在于各个参与的中心在房颤消融手术量和手术经验方面存在差异,因此研究结果比单个大手术量中心得出的结果更具有代表性。不过,该研究也存在一些明显局限性,比如纳入无主要合并症的年轻症状性患者,因此结果不适合外推至患有持续性或永久性房颤的老年患者和重度心脏病患者。

  随刊述评:研究结果证实现行房颤建议

  布里格姆妇女医院临床心脏电生理项目主任William G. Stevenson博士表示,现行指南建议对经至少1种抗心律失常药物治疗后无效的症状性阵发性房颤患者进行导管消融。此外,最近有一个专家组也表示,对于未使用过抗心律失常药物的症状性阵发性房颤患者,导管消融也是合理的治疗选择。上述MANTRA-PAF研究结果支持这一建议,但未能证实消融是否优于药物治疗。在该研究中,许多患者仅接受药物治疗就可获得良好效果[Engl J Med 2012 Oct 25;367(17):1648-9] 。

  导管消融手术的风险较大。尽管死亡率低于1例/2000例,但显着并发症发生率约为4%。在该研究中,在140例进行消融的患者中,3例发生心脏压塞,1例发生致死性卒中。此外,消融后也常出现复发性房颤。在140例(49%)进行消融的患者中,69例需进行至少1次额外消融。另外,该研究用于进行消融的方法已经过时,如果采用目前电隔离靶区域的标准方法,结果可能会更好,但侵入性较大的消融也可能会导致更高的不良事件发生率。

  未来有待研究以下几个问题:消融相对于药物治疗的成本效益、消融是否对无症状患者有益、消融效果的持续时间、消融是否可延缓阵发性房颤进展至持续性房颤等。目前正在进行的CABANA研究可能会给出其中一些问题的答案。与MANTRA-PAF 研究相比,CABANA研究纳入的患者年龄较大,合并症也较多。

链接:

Cosedis Nielsen J, Johannessen A, Raatikainen P, Hindricks G, Walfridsson H, Kongstad O, Pehrson S, Englund A, Hartikainen J, Mortensen LS, Hansen PS.Radiofrequency ablation as initial therapy in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.N Engl J Med. 2012 Oct 25;367(17):1587-95. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1113566.

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