立体定向吸引法

2016-03-14 37度医学网 37度医学网

立体定向吸引法 立体定向吸引手术为应用立体定向仪定位、钻孔、脑内穿刺置入吸管吸除脑内血肿的方法。吸除血肿的方法有用空注射器徒手抽吸(只能吸除血肿液化之部分)和为能吸除血肿用阿基米德钻及CUSA等。由于本法病人负担较轻,适用于年老体衰、合并症多的高血压脑出血病人。但因为是一种立体定向手术,需立体定向仪及CUSA或阿基米德钻等特殊设备和专门技术。 [适应证] 可较开颅术的适应证有一定程度放宽,基

立体定向吸引法

立体定向吸引手术为应用立体定向仪定位、钻孔、脑内穿刺置入吸管吸除脑内血肿的方法。吸除血肿的方法有用空注射器徒手抽吸(只能吸除血肿液化之部分)和为能吸除血肿用阿基米德钻及CUSA等。由于本法病人负担较轻,适用于年老体衰、合并症多的高血压脑出血病人。但因为是一种立体定向手术,需立体定向仪及CUSA或阿基米德钻等特殊设备和专门技术。

[适应证]

可较开颅术的适应证有一定程度放宽,基本上适用于各部位及除Ⅰ级以外各期的高血压脑出血病人,尤其适用于深部基底节区及丘脑的血肿,也有用于小脑血肿,以至脑干血肿的报告。但对于皮质大型血肿要小心除外脑血管畸形所致的出血。从血肿量考虑,一般30ml以下内科保守治疗,30~100ml行吸引术,100ml以上行开颅术,丘脑以20ml、小脑以10ml为度,尚有报告为改善功能预后,用于内囊附近的小血肿亦取得好效果者。

手术时机:主张24小时至3天为宜,特别是发病24小时后CT复查血肿无进行性增大者,因为吸引术并非直视下操作,不能止血;超早期或有活动性出血者术后有再出血的危险。

[手术步骤]

先于手术室钻孔缝合后送至CT室,安装立体定向仪,按血肿中心的靶点及钻孔部位的座标求两点间直线的角度(方位角及仰角)和穿刺距离。确定这一角度附加装置的角度,按穿刺针通过的2个层面求两点的座标和求两点连线和通过手术靶点平面的交点,若此交点的座标和血肿靶点有差距,即为其误差。如误差大,则应在进一步修正穿刺针的角度后才可行穿刺吸引。吸除量一般为血肿测算量(按多田公式)的60%~70%左右。术后血肿腔内置入导管,必要时再辅以导激酶化学溶解引流治疗。通常3~4天内可全部清除血肿。

[术中注意事项]

1.为减少脑组织损伤要控制负压。单纯吸附血块需9.33kPa(70mmHg)负压,血肿液化者仅需2.67~5.33kPa(20~40mmHg)负压即可吸除。

2.术中血压最好控制在正常范围,或高血压降低至原血压的20%~30%或降至年龄+12.0kPa(90mmHg)以下,一般认为血压21.3/14.7kPa(160/110mmHg)就会增加再出血的发生率。

[术后处理]

主要是观察再出血的可能。一旦发生,可再吸引或开颅清除血肿。

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    2017-01-02 liao1632
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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1768996, encodeId=5ccc1e6899657, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d7674593e05' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#定向#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45937, encryptionId=d7674593e05, topicName=定向)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=920637977772, createdName=liao1632, createdTime=Mon Jan 02 18:30:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1986480, encodeId=f29b1986480a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=160be5596d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#立体定向#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75596, encryptionId=160be5596d3, topicName=立体定向)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e87531, createdName=klivis, createdTime=Sat Aug 20 04:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87573, encodeId=d17f8e57338, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87572, encodeId=16498e57205, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72048, encodeId=3175e20481d, content=新方法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 22:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-30 lsblb

    不错的文章

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1768996, encodeId=5ccc1e6899657, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d7674593e05' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#定向#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45937, encryptionId=d7674593e05, topicName=定向)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=920637977772, createdName=liao1632, createdTime=Mon Jan 02 18:30:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1986480, encodeId=f29b1986480a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=160be5596d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#立体定向#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75596, encryptionId=160be5596d3, topicName=立体定向)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e87531, createdName=klivis, createdTime=Sat Aug 20 04:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87573, encodeId=d17f8e57338, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87572, encodeId=16498e57205, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72048, encodeId=3175e20481d, content=新方法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 22:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-30 lsblb

    不错的文章

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1768996, encodeId=5ccc1e6899657, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d7674593e05' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#定向#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45937, encryptionId=d7674593e05, topicName=定向)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=920637977772, createdName=liao1632, createdTime=Mon Jan 02 18:30:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1986480, encodeId=f29b1986480a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=160be5596d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#立体定向#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75596, encryptionId=160be5596d3, topicName=立体定向)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e87531, createdName=klivis, createdTime=Sat Aug 20 04:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87573, encodeId=d17f8e57338, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87572, encodeId=16498e57205, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72048, encodeId=3175e20481d, content=新方法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=85, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 22:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-20 milkshark

    新方法

    0