人工耳蜗植入因基因疗法而得到升级

2014-04-25 佚名 生物谷

用基因疗法提高人工耳蜗植入的有效性可能在某一天能让不同程度耳聋的人感受到更为复杂的声音——如辨别诸如三角铁的叮当声或钢琴柔和调子等不同乐器中的音色。听力损失通常会发生在耳蜗毛细胞丧失之后;耳蜗毛细胞是内耳中的特别细胞,它们能帮助将声音振动转变成为神经电脉冲,这就是让我们能听到声音的过程。人工耳蜗自1970年代以来就已在市场上出售,它们通过影响耳蜗毛细胞而使听力得到部分的恢复。然而,目前的人工耳

用基因疗法提高人工耳蜗植入的有效性可能在某一天能让不同程度耳聋的人感受到更为复杂的声音——如辨别诸如三角铁的叮当声或钢琴柔和调子等不同乐器中的音色。听力损失通常会发生在耳蜗毛细胞丧失之后;耳蜗毛细胞是内耳中的特别细胞,它们能帮助将声音振动转变成为神经电脉冲,这就是让我们能听到声音的过程。人工耳蜗自1970年代以来就已在市场上出售,它们通过影响耳蜗毛细胞而使听力得到部分的恢复。然而,目前的人工耳蜗植入无法让听力恢复正常,且几十年来其电极设计几乎没有改变。在对全聋豚鼠所做的实验中,Jeremy Pinyon及其同事指出,基因疗法可通过刺激能将不同频率转变成为声音感知的耳蜗神经细胞的再生而改善人工耳蜗植入的性能。

研究人员使用一种叫作电-基因输送的基因疗法,它用电场将基因输送限定于耳蜗电极附近(这是相对于用病毒输送基因的方法;用病毒输送基因会导致某基因的散布性表达)。Pinyon及其同事将一种含有脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)基因的DNA溶液注射到豚鼠的耳蜗植入物,并用电极阵列驱动若干短电脉冲到耳蜗内。在几小时内,耳蜗中的细胞接受了该DNA并开始表达神经营养蛋白——它们是辅助神经细胞发育的蛋白质。该研究团队用听脑干反应测试或ABR来测试豚鼠的听力;ABR是一种用来检测新生宝宝听力的常用方法。电极被置放在豚鼠的头顶部并用其检测脑中的因应声音而被激发的耳蜗神经纤维所产生的电。研究人员发现,豚鼠听力有了引人注目的改善--这些曾经全聋的豚鼠的听力几乎恢复到了正常的水平。这些结果为基因疗法能丰富人工耳蜗植入者的听觉提供了证据。研究人员接下来计划在临床试验中测试耳蜗电-基因输送的技术。一则相关的《焦点》文章讨论了这些发现。

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    2014-04-27 jiyangfei
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