NEJM:新型内皮素受体拮抗剂Macitentan对特发性肺动脉高压有显著疗效

2013-11-26 sd3212 丁香园

据Medscape医学新闻报道:来自美国华盛顿哥伦比亚特区的Andy Shorr博士在2013年10月24日针对肺部危重症救护的文献更新中,重点推介了一篇关于SERAPHIN研究的文章。该文章发表在2013年8月29日出版的《新英格兰医学杂志》( NEJM)上。Andy Shorr博士是华盛顿中心医院肺和危重医学科副主任、乔治华盛顿大学肺和危重医学科的副教授;而SERA

据Medscape医学新闻报道:来自美国华盛顿哥伦比亚特区的Andy Shorr博士在2013年10月24日针对肺部危重症救护的文献更新中,重点推介了一篇关于SERAPHIN研究的文章。该文章发表在2013年8月29日出版的《新英格兰医学杂志》( NEJM)上。Andy Shorr博士是华盛顿中心医院肺和危重医学科副主任、乔治华盛顿大学肺和危重医学科的副教授;而SERAPHIN研究的主要目的是调查一种名为Macitentan的新型内皮素受体拮抗剂对特发性肺动脉高压(IPAH)的治疗作用。今将Andy Shorr博士对上述文章的推介编译如下,希能对读者有所帮助。【原文阅读】

SERAPHIN研究的特点及概况

SERAPHIN研究是一项随机对照临床试验,共招募了大约740例患者。在研究中,受试者被随机安排接受安慰剂、3毫克、或10毫克的Macitentan治疗。该研究的独特之处在于它是IPAH领域里的第一个事件主导型研究。与那些把研究重点单纯集中在6分钟步行距离上、且持续仅12~16周的短期研究不同,SERAPHIN研究对上述新药治疗效果的研究持续了将近2年的时间,而且该研究的混合终点包括了PAH恶化、房间隔造口术、以及受试者死亡率等各种事件。

需要再次强调的是,该研究并没有按照世界卫生组织所推荐的,把研究重点集中在6分钟步行试验距离、或患者临床症状的恶化时间上;而是把关注点集中在了一个与临床相关的混合终点上。但就这一点而言,这项研究即是一个创新。此外,更为重要的是,该研究对一些受试者的研究时间持续了将近两年,所以,其随访窗口很长。

该研究所招募的IPAH患者,其病情大多属于2级或3级,仅极少数为4级,此外,Andy Shorr博士认为其中还有1例患者的病情属1级。受试者在入组时,可以为正在使用其它非内皮素受体拮抗剂类药物治疗的患者。此类患者多正在接受磷酸二酯酶抑制剂或前列腺环素类似物吸入治疗。据统计,三分之一的病人在入组前未采用任何其它治疗。其余约三分之二的患者入组前则已接受了以磷酸二酯酶抑制剂为主的其它治疗。

研究者所招募患者的特点及其肺动脉压均符合预期。受试者中以女性患者居多,且总体平均肺动脉压力为55毫米汞柱。研究的结果也不出所料,研究者发现,Macitentan治疗组受试者的混合临床终点指标要优于安慰剂组。10毫克Macitentan组降低终点事件风险的危害比为0.55.这意味着主导主要终点的某个事件风险将会降低百分之五十左右。

解读上述文章时值得关注的问题

首先,死亡率问题:

Andy Shorr博士认为,该篇以《Macitentan与肺动脉高压的发病率和死亡率》为题的文章,其标题本身就很令人关注。因为这篇文章里的数据,根本没有显示出受试者死亡率方面的差异。文章的作者真正关注的只是受试者在肺动脉压、及其临床恶化时间方面的变化,而非其死亡率变化。然而,“死亡率”一词却出现在文章的标题里,这多少会让人感到疑虑。事实上,Macitentan治疗组的死亡率与对照组并无明显差异。而且文章的作者也承认,该研究并未致力于将死亡率作为一个终点事件来展示。尽管如此,我们还是发现有受试者在研究期间死于与PAH相关的并发症。

其次,6分钟步行距离问题:

在该研究中,6分钟步行距离主要被用做观察治疗效果的短期指标。研究者已观察到,在治疗6个月时,3毫克剂量Macitentan治疗组的6分钟步行距离较安慰剂组的17米稍短,但其并没有引起太多关注;研究者更关心的是10毫克剂量组的6分钟步行距离较安慰剂组更长。这或许也是需要注意的问题。

第三,相关因素对疗效的影响:

在评价受试者6分钟步行距离、或临床终点事件的差异时,研究者发现,这些差异似乎不受下列因素的影响,如,患者是否正在接受磷酸二酯酶抑制剂治疗;以及美国心脏协会对IPAH患者的症状分级等。换言之,Macitentan的治疗效果似乎与受试者病情的严重程度、及其合并用药等无关。

第四,药物耐受性问题:

Macitentan作为一种内皮素受体拮抗剂,其对IPAH的治疗有效并不足怪。但该药好像还是有其新奇之处,因为在该试验中,其具有良好的耐受性。与其他内皮素受体拮抗剂不同,应用该药后并不存在肝功能异常或外周水肿的副作用问题。在活性药物治疗组,受试者的外周水肿率与安慰剂组相似。经过2年的观察,Macitentan的副作用不多,这一点是非常重要的。

第五,伦理问题:

该研究中有三分之一的受试者被随机化到安慰剂治疗组。这是一些肺动脉压在50多毫米汞柱、且病情属于2级或3级IPAH的患者,他们却被随机分配到安慰剂治疗组长达2年、1年、或至少是半年的时间。这是否存在伦理问题?

Andy Shorr博士认为该研究是一个好研究,因为其对IPAH的临床终点事件进行了观察。而且研究者将那些正在接受现行治疗的患者纳入研究,也给了我们更多的机会,去了解如何联合使用那些相关的药物。但Andy Shorr博士也认为,指定处于病态的受试者长期接受安慰剂治疗,的确会带来一些令人担忧的问题,尤其是当我们知道已有有效的治疗可以改善该种疾病的预后时,更是如此。

第六:将来的研究设计问题:

Andy Shorr博士认为,对于上述状态的IPAH患者而言,未来的试验设计真的应把重点放在确保其有适当的监管措施上来、而且这些监管措施还应符合临床干预数据与安全监测委员会之规定。在上述研究中,许多受试者被随机分配到安慰剂组,而且出现了较活性药治疗组受试者更差的预后。尽管证明这一点很重要。但它真的需要用2年的时间去证明吗?

Andy Shorr博士说:“我想大多数人都会认为,对于类似本研究中处于疾病状态的受试者来说,一个短期的安慰剂治疗是可以接受的。但是,如果安慰剂治疗的持续时间很长,那么,其将变得非常、非常麻烦;也会非常、非常令人担忧”。

总之,Andy Shorr博士认为,上述发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》八月二十九日在线版上的文章值得一读。因为,它可能为我们现行的肺动脉高压治疗方法带来一个重要的补充手段。

原文出处:

Pulido T, Adzerikho I, Channick RN, Delcroix M, Galiè N, Ghofrani HA, Jansa P, Jing ZC, Le Brun FO, Mehta S, Mittelholzer CM, Perchenet L, Sastry BK, Sitbon O, Souza R, Torbicki A, Zeng X, Rubin LJ, Simonneau G; SERAPHIN Investigators.Macitentan and morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension.N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 29;369(9):809-18. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1213917.【原文阅读】

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    2014-04-13 yb6560
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