Diabetes Care:初次产检血糖不宜确诊妊娠期糖尿病

2012-12-13 Diabetes Care Diabetes Care

  北京大学第一医院杨慧霞教授等报告,孕妇初次产检时空腹血糖(FPG) 水平≥5.10mmol/L 不能确诊为妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)。若6.10 mmol/L ≤初次产检时FPG 水平<7.00 mmol/L,则应视作GDM 并给予营养和运动干预;当FPG 水平处5.10~6.09mmol/L 时, 也可适当加强营养和锻炼,同时在妊娠24~28 周时进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT), 以排

  北京大学第一医院杨慧霞教授等报告,孕妇初次产检时空腹血糖(FPG) 水平≥5.10mmol/L 不能确诊为妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)。若6.10 mmol/L ≤初次产检时FPG 水平<7.00 mmol/L,则应视作GDM 并给予营养和运动干预;当FPG 水平处5.10~6.09mmol/L 时, 也可适当加强营养和锻炼,同时在妊娠24~28 周时进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT), 以排除GDM。(Diabetes Care.2012 年11 月27 日在线版)

  有关用初次产检时FPG 水平诊断GDM 的问题,国际糖尿病和妊娠研究组学会(IADPSG)和美国糖尿病学会(ADA) 有不同的看法:

  IADPSG 建议,若初次产检和整个孕期FPG 水平≥ 5.10 mmol/L,可诊断GDM;

  ADA 则建议,初次产检时FP水平仅可用于诊断显性糖尿病(≥ 7.00 mmol/L),妊娠24~28周需要行OGTT 筛查GDM。

  我国卫生部于2011 年12 月1 日正式实施的“妊娠期糖尿病诊断行业标准(简称标准)”与ADA 建议相似。标准建议,孕妇初次产检时应进行FPG 检查,以筛查孕前糖尿病;并在妊娠24~28 周时行75 g OGTT, 以除外GDM。妊娠24~28 周的75g OGTT 正常值: 空腹以及服葡萄糖后1 h 和2 h 血糖值分别<5.1 mmol/L、10.0 mmol/L 和8.5mmol/L,任意一点血糖值异常者应诊断为GDM。标准指出,GDM 分为2 级:(1)Al 级,即GDM 只需单纯用饮食治疗即可把血搪控制在正常范围;(2)A2 级:需加用胰岛素治疗才能把血搪控制在正常范围的GDM。

  杨教授等入选来自我国13家医院的17 186 名孕妇,对初次产前检查和妊娠24~28 周75g OGTT 一步筛查GDM 结果进行分析。

  结果显示,受试者初次产检时的中位FPG 水平为4.58 mmol/L。随着妊娠周期加,FPG 水平降低。初次产检时的FPG 水平与妊娠24~28 周时GDM 强烈相关。在初次产检时FPG 水平>4.10 mmol/L 的孕妇中,FPG水平每升高0.50 mmol/L,妊娠24~28 周GDM 确诊率即增加。在初次产检时FPG 水平分别为5.10~5.59 mmol/L、5.60~6.09mmol/L 和6.10~6.99 mmol/L 的孕妇中,GDM 确诊率分别为37.0%、52.7% 和66.2%(表1)。



  初次产检时FPG 水平≥ 5.10mmol/L 的孕妇占所有孕妇的11.4%,仅39.8% 确诊为GDM。研究者发现,在初次产检时FPG水平≥ 5.10 mmol/L 的孕妇中,妊娠24~28 周时FPG 仍维持该水平仅占1/3。受试者操作特征曲线分析表明,若以妊娠24~28周时OGTT 诊断标准作为金标准,初次产检时FPG 水平接近5.60 mmol/L 时, 特异性为99%,阳性和阴性预测值均处于合理范围;当FPG 水平接近6.10mmol/L 时,特异性为100%。

  研究者观点

  该研究表明,妊娠24~28 周诊断GDM 时可参考初次产检时FPG 水平,但PFG 水平≥ 5.10mmol/L 不适合用来确诊GDM。

  2/3 初次产检时FPG水平≥ 6.10 mmol/L 的孕妇很可能会进展为GDM。因此, 建议将该类孕妇当作GDM 来处理,应给予营养治疗和运动建议, 同时在妊娠24~28 周时进一步行OGTT。而半数初次产检时FPG 水平位于5.60~6.09 mmol/L 的孕妇可能会进展为GDM,应视为GDM 高危人群,可适当进行营养和运动干预。




OBJECTIVE 
To evaluate the value of fasting plasma glucose value in first prenatal visit to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 
Medical records of 17,186 pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in 13 hospitals in China, including the Peking University First Hospital (PUFH), were examined. Patients with pre-GDM were excluded; data for FPG at the first prenatal visit and one-step GDM screening with 75-g OGTT performed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS 
The median ± SD FPG value was 4.58 ± 0.437. FPG decreased with increasing gestational age. FPG level at first prenatal visit was strongly correlated with GDM diagnosed at 24–28 gestational weeks (χ2 = 959.3, P < 0.001). The incidences of GDM were 37.0, 52.7, and 66.2%, respectively, for women with FPG at the first prenatal visit between 5.10 and 5.59, 5.60 and 6.09, and 6.10–6.99 mmol/L. The data of PUFH were not statistically different from other hospitals.
CONCLUSIONS 
Pregnant women (6.10 ≤ FPG < 7.00 mmol/L) should be considered and treated as GDM to improve outcomes; for women with FPG between 5.10 and 6.09 mmol/L, nutrition and exercise advice should be provided. An OGTT should be performed at 24–28 weeks to confirm or rule out GDM. Based on our data, we cannot support an FPG value ≥5.10 mmol/L at the first prenatal visit as the criterion for diagnosis of GDM.

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    2015-02-27 xiaoai5777

    好文章,超赞

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