Cell:科学家揭示埃博拉病毒和其它RNA病毒的关键结构蛋白

2015-07-07 佚名 生物谷

埃博拉病毒和狂犬病毒都是两种人类的致死性病原体,其同属于RNA病毒类别,而且其在宿主体内常常会共享一套常用的策略来进行病毒基因组的复制,而其它同类型的病毒包括马尔堡病毒、麻疹病毒、腮腺炎病毒以及水疱性口炎病毒等;研究者发现水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)可以引发牲畜患急性病,但其并不会引发人类患病,但其作为一种模型病毒对人类却是有害的。 近日一篇刊登在国际杂志Cell上的研究论文中,来自哈佛大学医学院的

埃博拉病毒和狂犬病毒都是两种人类的致死性病原体,其同属于RNA病毒类别,而且其在宿主体内常常会共享一套常用的策略来进行病毒基因组的复制,而其它同类型的病毒包括马尔堡病毒、麻疹病毒、腮腺炎病毒以及水疱性口炎病毒等;研究者发现水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)可以引发牲畜患急性病,但其并不会引发人类患病,但其作为一种模型病毒对人类却是有害的。

近日一篇刊登在国际杂志Cell上的研究论文中,来自哈佛大学医学院的研究人员利用电子冷冻显微镜技术首次在原子水平上揭示了水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)的特殊蛋白的结构,这种名为聚合酶蛋白L的特殊蛋白对于RNA病毒的复制非常重要。

研究者Sean Whelan教授表示,如今我们清楚理解了RNA合成如何对RNA病毒发挥重要作用,如果我们可以开发一种病毒特异性的靶点来阻断其中一种RNA病毒的复制,那么揭示聚合酶蛋白的精细结构或许就可以帮助我们开发新型疗法。科学家们都知道RNA病毒如何感染宿主细胞,病毒可以通过释放一种大型的蛋白-RNA复合物来开启感染宿主细胞的过程,而进行病毒RNA复制的蛋白是聚合酶蛋白L,其可以引导合成RNA所需的所有酶类活动,随后可以将帽状结构添加于RNA末端来确保其不会在细胞中被破坏,进而保证其进行蛋白质的翻译。

靶向作用聚合酶分子的抗病毒药物部分是基于理解聚合酶的结构而开发的,这种开发抗病毒药物的方法可以帮助成功抵御HIV及丙肝病毒的感染;但对于非揭节段的负链RNA病毒而言,揭示聚合酶蛋白L的结构或许更加具有挑战性。聚合酶蛋白L是一种较大结构的蛋白,然而大型结构的蛋白往往难以产生以及纯化,而且蛋白L还非常可变,其携带有许多功能性的片段,这些片段非常难以分离。

这项研究中,研究者通过收集多种病毒样本的数据,并且对病毒的聚合酶蛋白L的三维成像模型进行收集以及图像排列研究;随后研究者构建了VSV病毒L蛋白多肽链的原子模型,通过构建这种VSV病毒聚合酶蛋白L结构的模型或可帮助理解其它同类病毒中L蛋白的结构以及功能。

最后研究者指出,埃博拉病毒和狂犬病毒的L蛋白看起来都非常相似,其仅在反应氨基酸确切特性上存在微小的差异,但我们知道这些蛋白的功能和结果都是相同的;理解L蛋白的精细结构或可帮助科学家们阐明RNA合成对于病毒存活的重要性。研究者表示后期他们还将进行更深层次的研究来更深入地阐明对病毒重要的关键蛋白的结构,对于后期开发抵御多种病毒感染的新型策略将非常重要。

原始出处:

Bo Liang6, Zongli Li6, Simon Jenni6, Amal A. Rahmeh, Benjamin M. Morin, Timothy Grant, Nikolaus Grigorieff, Stephen C. Harrison, Sean P.J. Whelan.Structure of the L Protein of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus from Electron Cryomicroscopy.Cell.July 2, 2015.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.06.018

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    2015-07-16 智智灵药
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    2015-07-08 huaxipanxing

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