AHA科学声明:心血管疾病风险及预后的社会决定因素

2015-08-12 大鹏 译 医学论坛网

近日,美国心脏学会(AHA)对影响心血管疾病风险及预后的社会因素进行了汇总分析,并总结了其中的决定因素,发表了科学声明。以下为声明的要点。 一、社会经济地位 1.无法仅通过单一参数充分反映患者的社会经济地位(SEP);收入、教育、职业情况均应考虑; 2.SEP受人种/种族影响,应注意这种协同效应; 3.应探索SEP的新标志物,为理解心血管疾病提供更多的帮助。 二、人种/种族与心血管疾病

近日,美国心脏学会(AHA)对影响心血管疾病风险及预后的社会因素进行了汇总分析,并总结了其中的决定因素,发表了科学声明。以下为声明的要点。

一、社会经济地位

1.无法仅通过单一参数充分反映患者的社会经济地位(SEP);收入、教育、职业情况均应考虑;

2.SEP受人种/种族影响,应注意这种协同效应;

3.应探索SEP的新标志物,为理解心血管疾病提供更多的帮助。

二、人种/种族与心血管疾病

1.人种/种族是一种缺乏生物及遗传基础的社会结构;

2.内在的偏见与陈规旧习的威胁均是影响健康和疾病的现象,可能是造成治疗差异的原因;

3.需有效的干预手段以改善跨人种的医患交流、提高患者满意度。

三、社会支持及社交网络

1.虽然已证实削弱社会支持会加剧心血管疾病情况,但尚无证据显示加强社会支持的作用;

2.社交网络如何影响健康的机制尚不清楚,值得未来研究探索。

3.鼓励患者与其社交网络互动或成为一项有效的干预措施,值得未来研究探索。

四、文化、种族与语言

1.语言差异、文化信仰及行为差异均影响求医行为及获取医疗的方式;

2.对于特定的种族团体,文化及语言相关干预措施会有效改善心血管疾病预后;

3.保证对于社会健康工作作用的政策支持,这对于维持文化适度干预措施有重要意义。

五、获取医疗的方式

1.影响患者获取医疗的障碍多样,包括信仰、读写能力、文化、语言;

2.心脏护理地区分布不均;

3.解决患者附属专业护理获取方式障碍,这是心血管专家正在解决的问题;

4.虽然医疗保险很必要,但不足以改善患者心血管疾病预后;

5.改善获取医疗的方式是一项多面任务,不仅需要医保支持,也需要更合理的医疗资源布局。

六、居住环境

1.若患者居住环境存在社会经济资源减少、健康食物获取较少、体育活动资源匮乏,这些因素会影响患者心血管疾病进展及其风险因素。

2.积极改善环境因素或减少社会心血管疾病负担。

七、心理学、行为及生物学机制

1.心理学因素可能参与了调节社会决定性因素与心血管疾病预后的相关性,例如抑郁、所有心理社会紧张刺激相关因素;

2.虽然不同社会团队的心血管健康行为存在差异,但这不足以完全解释各组的心血管疾病预后差异;

3.早期发育不良造成的生理学及解剖学会影响成年心血管疾病风险。

4.需要有效的干预措施以降低早期发育不良的预后影响。

原文下载:

Social Determinants of Risk and Outcomes for Cardiovascular Disease A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

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    2015-08-14 docwu2019

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