Cell Metab:发现胶质母细胞瘤靶向治疗抵抗的机制

2013-10-24 何嫱 生物通

来自加州大学Ludwig癌症研究所的研究人员阐明了,癌细胞通过改变它们代谢葡萄糖的方式来生成维持失控性生长所需能量及原材料的一个重要机制。 在线发表在《细胞代谢》(Cell Metabolism)杂志上的这项新研究,也揭示了侵袭性脑癌——胶质母细胞瘤是如何利用这一机制来抵抗破坏Warburg效应的靶向性治疗的,并提出了有可能如何克服这样的抵抗。在详细解析这一现象的分子通路过程中

来自加州大学Ludwig癌症研究所的研究人员阐明了,癌细胞通过改变它们代谢葡萄糖的方式来生成维持失控性生长所需能量及原材料的一个重要机制。

在线发表在《细胞代谢》(Cell Metabolism)杂志上的这项新研究,也揭示了侵袭性脑癌——胶质母细胞瘤是如何利用这一机制来抵抗破坏Warburg效应的靶向性治疗的,并提出了有可能如何克服这样的抵抗。在详细解析这一现象的分子通路过程中,研究人员揭示了有可能破坏癌细胞代谢摧毁肿瘤的几个可能的新药靶点。

加州大学圣地亚哥医学院Ludwig 癌症研究所研究员Paul Mischel 博士说:“癌症和其他快速生长的细胞都是利用通常只有在缺氧情况下才会启动的一种过程从葡萄糖处取得能量。这使得它们能够完成艰难的任务:从葡萄糖处获得它们所需的能量,并且保有分裂细胞大量需要的脂类、蛋白质和DNA等分子的构成元件。

直到近期,对于诱导癌细胞中这一重要代谢转变的生化通路仍知之甚少。今年早些时候,Mischel和同事们在发表的一项研究中描述了,在许多胶质母细胞瘤中存在的一种异常生长信号是如何传送诱导Warburg效应的。这一涉及重要蛋白PI3激酶(PI3K)、Akt和mTORC1的信号级联反应,最终激活了基因表达的一个调控因子——转录因子c-Myc。Mischel说:“在许多癌细胞中,c-Myc似乎是连接生长信号通路与控制营养物质摄入与利用的机器之间的一根杠杆。”

在当前的研究中,Mischel与Kenta Masui博士及Web Cavenee博士展开协作,确定了独立于PI3K-Akt-mTORC1信号的第二互作生化级联反应,并利用独特的生化通路和一种不同寻常的机制开启了c-Myc。Mischel和同事们报道称,这一信号通路依赖于来自蛋白复合体mTORC2的信号。研究人员证实当mTORC2开启时,它会沉默另外两种转录因子FoxO1和FoxO3,后两者可以抑制细胞核中的c-Myc激活。进而,他们了解到FoxOs沉默是通过乙酰化这种化学修饰来实现的。

这项研究对于癌症治疗具有重要的意义。Mischel 解释说:“近期有许多药物设计出来旨在阻断PI3K-Akt-mTORC1信号。我们证实当你利用这些药物时,你将有可能通过mTORC2驱使FoxOs乙酰化,并无意中推动了Warburg效应。换句话说,这一新信号通路有可能是导致这些药物耐受的原因。我们的数据表明,要破坏Warburg效应及杀死癌细胞,你必须开发出靶向两条信号通路的疗法。这是新研究发现主要的临床价值。”

Mischel和同事们发现,主要依赖于mTORC2介导信号通路的胶质母细胞瘤往往预后较差。并且,他们的研究表明肺癌细胞也利用了这一信号通路来诱导Warburg效应。

Mischel说:“我们正利用胶质母细胞瘤作为一种系统来了解各种其他癌症,实际上,由于确定的这些信号通路在癌细胞类型中保守存在,这一研究发现具有更广泛的相关性。不同的癌症是由不同类型的生长因子受体突变所推动,而这些突变受体传送的信号往往集中于一组信号蛋白。”

“我们确定了与这一信号通路相关的重要分子以及新信号机制,开放了一个富有潜在新抗癌药物靶点的景观,”Mischel说。现在他的实验室正与Ludwig癌症研究所的其他研究人员合作,致力于鉴别有可能破坏mTORC2介导信号通路关键步骤的药物样小分子。

原文出处:

Masui K, Tanaka K, Akhavan D, Babic I, Gini B, Matsutani T, Iwanami A, Liu F, Villa GR, Gu Y, Campos C, Zhu S, Yang H, Yong WH, Cloughesy TF, Mellinghoff IK, Cavenee WK, Shaw RJ, Mischel PS.mTOR Complex 2 Controls Glycolytic Metabolism in Glioblastoma through FoxO Acetylation and Upregulation of c-Myc.Cell Metab. 2013 Oct 16. pii: S1550-4131(13)00382-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.09.013. 

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    2013-10-26 guojianrong
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    2014-01-04 维他命
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    2013-11-14 一闲
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