ESC 2022:新型抗凝药Asundexian可降低复发性缺血性卒中和TIA风险

2022-08-29 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

该结果提示Asundexian在预防卒中方面或具有一定前景,但需要更加有效的 3 期随机试验中进行验证,这些发现可能为 3 期研究奠定基础。

2022 ESC 大会上发布了一项最新的研究,新型抗凝剂Asundexian 可减少复发性缺血性卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作 (TIA)

缺血性卒中患者再次发生卒中的风险增加,建议长期抗血小板治疗以减少复发。尽管按照指南推荐的治疗方法,超过 6% 的非心源性缺血性卒中患者会在一年内再次发生卒中。 口服抗凝药与抗血小板药联合使用可以减少缺血性卒中的发生,但是会增加出血风险。

PACIFIC-Stroke 2 期试验中,研究人员评估了Asundexian在急性非心源性缺血性卒中后进行卒中二级预防的安全性、有效性和最佳剂量。该试验在 23 个国家的 196 个地区进行。

研究共纳入1808 名患者,平均年龄为 67 岁,34% 为女性。患者在非心源性缺血性卒中 48 小时内(平均间隔 36 小时)随机分组,在常规抗血小板治疗的基础上,每日服用一次Asundexian 10 毫克、20 毫克、50 毫克)或安慰剂。混着在试验开始时和六个月后接受了脑磁共振成像 (MRI),并进行了 6 12 个月的随访。

该试验的主要结果是,6 个月时,通过 MRI 检测到隐匿性脑梗死或复发性症状性缺血性卒中的复合事件。主要安全性结局是 12 个月时的大出血或临床相关的非大出血事件。次要探索性结局包括缺血性卒中以及缺血性卒中和 TIA 的复合事件终点。

结果显示,在6 个月时,与安慰剂相比,Asundexian并不能降低隐匿性脑梗死或复发性症状性缺血性卒中的复合事件终点,且主要疗效结局无剂量依赖关系。

在中位随访10.6 个月期间,共发生125 例复发性症状性缺血性卒中或 TIA,其中安慰剂组 38 例(8.3%),10 mg Asundexian 35 例(7.7%),20 mg Asundexian28 例(6.2%)和 50 mg  Asundexian 24 例(5.4%)。

在二次分析中,与安慰剂相比,50 mg  Asundexian组的患者发生复发性缺血性卒中或 TIA 减少,其中降幅最大的是患者颅外或颅内动脉粥样硬化斑块。此外,在12个月时,与安慰剂组相比,asundexian组患者的主要安全性终点未显著增加。

研究者表示,PACIFIC-Stroke试验未能达到其主要终点,但探索性分析发现, Asundexian可降低复发性缺血性卒中和TIA风险,且不增加出血事件风险。该结果提示Asundexian在预防卒中方面或具有一定前景,但需要更加有效的 3 期随机试验中进行验证,这些发现可能为 3 期研究奠定基础。

参考资料

https://www.escardio.org/The-ESC/Press-Office/Press-releases/New-anticoagulant-may-prevent-recurrent-ischaemic-stroke

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