Ann Oncol:HER-2靶向治疗方案对胃癌有效

2013-05-03 Ann Oncol dxy

胃癌是世界上致死率第二高的癌症,并且其治疗管理,特别是对于晚期患者的管理近年来进展甚微。尤其是迄今为止还没有一种靶向治疗的用药模型整合入治疗方案备选选项。HER2过表达越来越被认为是一种频繁发生的分子异常现象,在乳腺癌中受基因扩增的驱动。越来越多的证据证实HER2过表达在胃癌发生发展中起作用,它还与预后差和浸润性强等特征紧密相关。此外,体外和体内胃癌模型的临床前数据显示抗HER2治疗有显著性的抗肿

胃癌是世界上致死率第二高的癌症,并且其治疗管理,特别是对于晚期患者的管理近年来进展甚微。尤其是迄今为止还没有一种靶向治疗的用药模型整合入治疗方案备选选项。HER2过表达越来越被认为是一种频繁发生的分子异常现象,在乳腺癌中受基因扩增的驱动。越来越多的证据证实HER2过表达在胃癌发生发展中起作用,它还与预后差和浸润性强等特征紧密相关。此外,体外和体内胃癌模型的临床前数据显示抗HER2治疗有显著性的抗肿瘤效应(特别是直接靶向蛋白的单克隆抗体)。因此,一系列临床试验开始对不同情境下用不同的试验设计对抗HER2治疗胃癌的潜在有效性进行了探索。这一评述综述了HER2治疗胃癌的相关理论背景,临床前证据,回顾性临床分析,以及中期临床数据等。
胃癌是世界上最常见的肿瘤,同时也是致死率第二高的癌症类型。巴雷特食管和发育不良均与食管腺癌的发生相关,幽门螺旋杆菌感染、萎缩性胃炎、肠上皮化生、以及发育不良等也与胃腺癌相关。手术切除是主要的治疗方式,对于早期癌症可以治愈。然而,尽管有新的治疗策略出现,如围手术期化疗或辅助化疗等,晚期可切除胃癌或胃食管连接部(GEJ)癌症患者的生存率依然低。
在西方,大多数胃癌患者诊断时已不可手术。对于这些患者而言,全身性化疗是主要的治疗备选方案,它能够不在影响生存质量的同时延长生存时间。许多单药和联合治疗方案对于转移性胃癌的治疗也是有效的。研究观察到单药治疗的应答率为10%——30%,而联合治疗为30%——60%。铂类化合物,氟嘧啶、安曲非宁、以及近来的紫杉烷类和依立替康都是最有效的药物。虽然随机试验验证了大量化疗方案,但仍然缺乏国家公认的标准疗法,并且关于这些化疗方案的选择仍存在争议。
晚期胃癌采用姑息治疗生存率依然很低。新疗法受到迫切期待。对癌症相关分子机理的理解不断加深,这促进了更加合理的分子靶向治疗的发展,这些分子机理涉及到细胞分化、增殖、和生存。HER2蛋白(p185, HER2/neu, ErbB-2)是一种185-kDa的跨膜酪氨酸激酶(TK)受体,同时也是表皮生长因子受体(EGFRs)家族中的一员。这一家族包含四个成员:HER1 (又称EGFR), HER2, HER3 (又名ErbB-3), 和HER4 (又名ErbB-4)。这些受体共享相同的分子结构以及细胞外配体结合域,后者中跨膜区和具有TK活性的细胞内域组成(HER3除外)。HER2与拓扑异构酶基因临近,与鸟类成红细胞增多症病毒的癌基因v-erbB相关,HER2以致癌基因的身分出现,呈现高水平的扩增以及蛋白的过表达等特征。
近来的研究显示HER2在一系列类型的人类癌症发展中的作用,HER2过表达和/或扩增发现于10%-34%侵袭性乳腺癌并与临床结局相关,预示着预后差,对化疗和内分泌治疗的应答较差。HER2过表达或高扩增也常见于结肠癌,膀胱癌,卵巢癌,子宫内膜癌,肺癌,以及子宫颈癌和头颈癌、食管癌、胃癌中。曲妥珠单抗(赫塞汀)是一种可特异性靶向HER2蛋白的单克隆抗体,它可直接与这一受体的细胞外域直接结合。曲妥珠单抗可延长原发性中转移性HER2阳性乳腺癌患者的生存率。曲妥珠单抗对乳腺癌患者的有效性促使研究者开始探索它在HER2阳性的其他类型的癌症患者,包括胃癌患者的抗肿瘤效应。
最近在线发表于Annals of Oncology的一项研究,旨在对胃或胃食管交界处的腺癌患者的HER2基因扩增进行评估。曲妥珠单抗已被批准用于人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)阳性转移性胃癌患者。然而,在这种疾病的自然病程中,我们对HER2基因的作用相对知之甚少。
针对参加INT-0116/SWOG9008 III期胃癌临床试验的患者,通过其可用的组织标本进行回顾性检测,通过FISH检测HER2基因扩增以及免疫组化法(IHC)检测HER2过度表达。原始试验的目的是:评估术后放化疗与单纯手术相比的临床获益。通过对258名患者的评估,FISH-HER2基因扩增率为10.9%,另外148例患者进行IHC检测,HER2过表达率是12.2%,FISH和IHC之间有90%的一致性。HER2扩增和治疗之间对于无病生存期(P = 0.020)和总生存(P = 0.034)都有显著的相互作用。在HER-2无扩增癌症患者中,接受治疗的病人中位OS为44个月,相比手术组的24个月有显著提高(P = 0.003)。在HER2存在扩增的肿瘤患者中,两组患者在生存方面没有显着差异。
由此可以看出,HER2不表达的患者将从术后放化疗的治疗中获益,包括无病生存期(DFS)和总生存(OS)。
胃癌相关的拓展阅读:


HER2 in gastric cancer: a new prognostic factor and a novel therapeutic target.
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the world and its management, especially in advanced stages, has evolved relatively little. In particular, no targeted modality has so far been incorporated to its treatment armamentarium. HER2 overexpression is increasingly recognized as a frequent molecular abnormality, driven as in breast cancer by gene amplification. There is mounting evidence of the role of HER2 overexpression in patients with gastric cancer, and it has been solidly correlated to poor outcomes and a more aggressive disease. Additionally, preclinical data are showing significant antitumor efficacy of anti-HER2 therapies (particularly monoclonal antibodies directed towards the protein) in in vitro and in vivo models of gastric cancer. As a result, several clinical trials are exploring in different settings and with diverse designs the potential of anti-HER2 therapies in gastric cancer patients. This review summarizes the rationale, preclinical evidence, retrospective clinical analyses, and the interim clinical data pertaining HER2 therapies in gastric cancer.

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (3)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1864432, encodeId=ddc0186443275, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Mon May 06 13:32:00 CST 2013, time=2013-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1904923, encodeId=974419049235b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21f66464823' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗方案#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64648, encryptionId=21f66464823, topicName=治疗方案)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5ee4187, createdName=zhangjiqing, createdTime=Thu Jul 11 02:32:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1495790, encodeId=655d1495e9066, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27eb8e1381' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HER-2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8713, encryptionId=27eb8e1381, topicName=HER-2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6b8b9208832, createdName=zhu_jun9840, createdTime=Sun May 05 00:32:00 CST 2013, time=2013-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2013-05-06 minlingfeng
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1864432, encodeId=ddc0186443275, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Mon May 06 13:32:00 CST 2013, time=2013-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1904923, encodeId=974419049235b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21f66464823' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗方案#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64648, encryptionId=21f66464823, topicName=治疗方案)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5ee4187, createdName=zhangjiqing, createdTime=Thu Jul 11 02:32:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1495790, encodeId=655d1495e9066, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27eb8e1381' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HER-2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8713, encryptionId=27eb8e1381, topicName=HER-2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6b8b9208832, createdName=zhu_jun9840, createdTime=Sun May 05 00:32:00 CST 2013, time=2013-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1864432, encodeId=ddc0186443275, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Mon May 06 13:32:00 CST 2013, time=2013-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1904923, encodeId=974419049235b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21f66464823' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗方案#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64648, encryptionId=21f66464823, topicName=治疗方案)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5ee4187, createdName=zhangjiqing, createdTime=Thu Jul 11 02:32:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1495790, encodeId=655d1495e9066, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=27eb8e1381' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HER-2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8713, encryptionId=27eb8e1381, topicName=HER-2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6b8b9208832, createdName=zhu_jun9840, createdTime=Sun May 05 00:32:00 CST 2013, time=2013-05-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2013-05-05 zhu_jun9840