Lancet Neurol:阿尔茨海默病征兆早于症状数十年

2012-11-13 Lancet Neurol Lancet Neurol

  研究人员发现,那些具有早发型阿尔茨海默病遗传倾向的年轻成年人,出现脑部异常改变的时间可比记忆、认知障碍症状的出现以及脑部Aβ蛋白沉积早20年以上。这一研究结果在线发表于11月6日Lancet Neurology的两篇文章。美国Banner阿尔茨海默病研究所的主任Eric M. Reiman博士说,这些发现“所引发的问题是对于具有遗传倾向的AD患者来说,其最早的脑部变化是什么,以及我们将来怎样对

  研究人员发现,那些具有早发型阿尔茨海默病遗传倾向的年轻成年人,出现脑部异常改变的时间可比记忆、认知障碍症状的出现以及脑部Aβ蛋白沉积早20年以上。这一研究结果在线发表于11月6日Lancet Neurology的两篇文章。美国Banner阿尔茨海默病研究所的主任Eric M. Reiman博士说,这些发现“所引发的问题是对于具有遗传倾向的AD患者来说,其最早的脑部变化是什么,以及我们将来怎样对这种变化进行干预。”

  问题多于答案

  第一项研究[Lancet Neurol 2012 Nov 5]的研究对象来至于一个哥伦比亚大家族的5000名成员,其中30%具有早老素1基因E280A的突变,该突变可使AD发生年龄不同寻常地提前(大约45岁左右)。Reiman博士研究了20位突变基因携带者和24位非携带者的脑部结构、功能MRI成像以及脑脊液和血清学检查方面的差异(这些研究对象年龄在18岁至26岁之间,在入组时均无认知功能障碍。)

  结果发现突变基因携带者和非携带者之间在脑部结构及功能上存在明显的差异,携带者的右侧海马(P=0.001)以及海马旁回(P<0.014)功能活动较强,而楔前叶以及扣带回后部的活动则受抑制,并且在一些顶叶区域的灰质较薄。共有10位突变携带者和非携带者接受了腰穿和血液检查,结果显示具有突变基因具有较高的血浆(P=0.008)和脑脊液(P=0.01)Aβ42水平。

  来自英国伦敦大学学院神经病学研究所痴呆研究中心的医学博士Nick Fox说“这些结果对我们在所使用的一些AD模型提出了质疑。神经退行性改变可能在起病之前20年就已经出现了,并且稍早于既往通过MRI在常染色体显性遗传的AD个体上所发现的变化。同样,神经退行性变看起来比Aβ斑块沉积更早出现,因为其脑脊液Abeta42水平是升高的。”

  正电子发射成像研究

  在另一篇相似的文章中,同样来自于BannerAD研究所Adam Fleisher博士报告了运用PET研究Aβ沉积的结果[Lancet Neurol 2012 Nov 5],研究使用了礼来公司的Amyvid脑部斑块显影剂对50例20至56岁之间的突变基因携带者和非携带者进行了研究。

  Reiman博士是该研究的共同第一作者, 他表示结果发现Aβ沉积在突变基因携带者中出现的平均年龄是28岁,这比预计出现轻度记忆和认识障碍的年龄大约早了16年。

  在一篇相关的评论中,加州大学伯克利分校Helen Wills神经科学研究所William Jagust博士说,“斑块的聚集在20多岁时迅速进展,在预计出现记忆和认知障碍的前6年有一个平台期。”“我们必须考虑的是这些在家族遗传性AD患者身上的结果是否适用于散发型AD。比如,在常染色体显性遗传病个体,AD的发生可能与Aβ生成过多有关,而对于和APOE4 基因型有关的AD患者来说,其发病可能和Aβ清除减低关系更密切。”

  Jagust博士指出,虽然目前还不清楚,减少Aβ生成而非促进其清除,在降低淀粉样蛋白沉积治疗中的作用到底有多大。“然而,Abeta成像的结果揭示了Aβ沉积的动态变化,这使我们能够选择适合的个体,使我们能够在适当的时间对适当的病人开始治疗。”

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    2013-06-25 yinhl1978
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    2013-03-16 howi
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