BMJ子刊:儿童期就肥胖的孩子是否更容易被诊断为肌肉骨骼疾病?

2022-08-20 liangying MedSci原创

入学时肥胖的儿童在童年时期更有可能被诊断为肌肉骨骼疾病。需要进一步的研究来在种族多样化的人群中重复这些发现,并调查这些是否有因果关系。

儿童期肥胖的患者在成年后很仍然可能肥胖,考虑到肥胖与心血管疾病、糖尿病、肌肉骨骼疾病和癌症等存在内在相关性,这很令人担忧。虽然有证据表明肥胖儿童对医疗保健的利用率有所增加,但很少有报告表明儿童期发病与特定临床诊断的健康结果有纵向关联。

此前有两项系统研究证实了儿童肥胖与肌肉骨骼预后之间的关系,具体包括疼痛、损伤和骨折以及扁平足和其他足部畸形。这些综述包括9年前发表的文献,主要包括横向证据,并没有特别关注入学时的肥胖问题。本研究的目的是调查入学时的肥胖与儿童期发病的肌肉骨骼相关不良诊断之间的关联。

研究者搜索了三个电子数据库,以确定2000年1月至2022年6月以英语发表的纵向研究,评估入学时测量的肥胖(5岁左右)与20岁前的肌肉骨骼诊断之间的联系。两名审稿人使用EPPI-Reviewer软件对标题、摘要和全文进行筛选。采用观察队列研究质量评估工具和横断面研究及综合研究结果对合格研究的偏倚和质量进行评估。

最后从291项独特记录中确定了四项合格研究,其中三项在西班牙进行,一项在苏格兰进行。这些研究报告了1 232895名儿童(可用数据:51.4%的男孩;无报告的种族分布),研究样本量在<2000 至600000,随访时间为2-13年。由于报告的结果和效应大小不同,无法对这四项研究的结果进行定量综合。入学时肥胖的儿童更有可能在初级保健机构中被诊断为股骨头骨骺滑脱、背痛、骨折和肌肉骨骼疾病。纳入的研究被评估为“一般”至“良好”质量。

根据体重状况绘制不良肌肉骨骼预后的发病率比率和HR(和95% CIs)

总之,目前有充分的证据表明,入学时肥胖的儿童在童年时期更有可能被诊断为肌肉骨骼疾病。需要进一步的研究来在种族多样化的人群中重复这些发现,并调查这些是否有因果关系。这对儿童的行动能力、生活质量和未来肌肉骨骼健康的影响需要进一步评估。

参考文献:

Firman NWilk MHarper G, et al. Are children with obesity at school entry more likely to have a diagnosis of a musculoskeletal condition? Findings from a systematic review.

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