Aging Cell:雷帕霉素、阿卡波糖和17α-雌二醇帮助长寿的共同机制是什么?

2021-03-28 haibei MedSci原创

已有的研究显示,有几种饮食和药理治疗方法可以延长寿命,包括雷帕霉素、阿卡波糖和17-α-雌二醇。目前,关于这些治疗方法导致寿命延长的机制尚不十分清楚。

已有的研究显示,有几种饮食和药理治疗方法可以延长寿命,包括雷帕霉素、阿卡波糖和17-α-雌二醇。目前,关于这些治疗方法导致寿命延长的机制尚不十分清楚。

雷帕霉素可抑制哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶点(mTOR)的活性,在最佳剂量下使得雄性和雌性小鼠的寿命延长20%-25%。阿卡波糖是α-葡萄糖苷水解酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制剂,可以导致葡萄糖吸收减少和血液中葡萄糖峰值水平降低。阿卡波糖可使雄性小鼠的寿命延长约20%,雌性小鼠的寿命延长约5%。17-α-雌二醇是一种非雌性类固醇,对经典雌激素受体的亲和力较低。17aE2可以延长雄性的中位数和最大寿命,而对雌性的寿命没有影响。

最近,研究人员作出假设,雷帕霉素和阿卡波糖能增加小鼠的寿命,17α-雌二醇能增加雄性小鼠的寿命是通过共同的细胞内信号通路起效的。

已有的研究显示,长寿突变的Snell dwarf,PAPPA‐KO,以及 Ghr-/-小鼠会表现出mTORC1活性降低,Cap依赖性mRNA翻译下降,Cap独立翻译(CIT)增加的特点。

最近,研究人员发文表明,雷帕霉素和阿卡波糖在雌性和雄性小鼠中都能够防止年龄相关的CIT靶蛋白的下降,而17α-雌二醇只有在雄性中具有相同的效果。此外,mTORC1活性显示出一种相反的模式,其与年龄相关的增加被雷帕霉素,阿卡波糖和17α-雌二醇(仅在男性中)所阻止。

METTL3是一种将6-甲基腺苷添加到mRNA中必须的蛋白,是CIT的触发器,其也显示出年龄依赖性的增加。METTL3的增加也被雷帕霉素,阿卡波糖和17α-雌二醇(在男性中)阻断

因此,该研究结果表明,mTORC1活性的减弱和CIT依赖性蛋白的增加可能代表了长寿突变小鼠和药物诱导小鼠寿命延长的共同途径。

 

原始出处:

Ziqian Shen et al. Cap‐independent translation: A shared mechanism for lifespan extension by rapamycin, acarbose, and 17α‐estradiol. Aging Cell (2021). 

 

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    2021-06-04 维他命
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    2021-03-30 hxzhang
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    2021-03-28 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

    0

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