NCCN 2013: 阴茎癌治疗指南

2013-04-10 佚名 爱思唯尔

  佛罗里达州好莱坞——美国国家综合癌症网络(NCCN)在第18届年会上推出了新的阴茎癌治疗指南。   据佛罗里达州坦帕市H. Lee Moffitt癌症研究中心的泌尿生殖系肿瘤学家Philippe E. Spiess博士介绍,美国2010年新发阴茎癌1250例,而相关死亡例数约为310例;阴茎癌在美国和欧洲占恶性肿瘤的0.4%~0.6%。另外,北美和全球治疗阴茎癌的方法存在很高的异质性,标准疗

  佛罗里达州好莱坞——美国国家综合癌症网络(NCCN)在第18届年会上推出了新的阴茎癌治疗指南。

  据佛罗里达州坦帕市H. Lee Moffitt癌症研究中心的泌尿生殖系肿瘤学家Philippe E. Spiess博士介绍,美国2010年新发阴茎癌1250例,而相关死亡例数约为310例;阴茎癌在美国和欧洲占恶性肿瘤的0.4%~0.6%。另外,北美和全球治疗阴茎癌的方法存在很高的异质性,标准疗法仍然是完全肿瘤切除术+阴性边缘根除术,不过,越来越多的医生考虑对原发阴茎癌根据分期和恶性程度进行微创或无创治疗。

  在此背景下,相关专家针对这种癌症制定了指南。指南的主要内容包括:

  微创或无创治疗

  对于原位癌和浅表疣状癌,一项英国研究显示,5-氟尿嘧啶或咪喹莫特治疗的5年应答率为60%~70%,对于这类癌症,也可以采用CO2激光和Nd:YAG激光消融术,尽管其再治疗率很高(约为20%~30%)。也可以选择全腺体磨削术和局部广泛切除术+包皮环切术。

  有证据支持采用局部药物治疗。近期的一项回顾性综述显示,所有原发性和复发性原位阴茎癌采用5-氟尿嘧啶和咪喹莫特局部治疗10年后应答率均很高,完全应答率为57%,部分应答率为14%,无应答率为29.5%,但无患者复发或进展。毒副反应发生率也很低,10%的患者报告出现局部毒性,12%报告发生了不良事件。另一项研究对Tis期和PT1期阴茎癌患者行保留阴茎术,结果这两组患者的复发率均为21.4%(J Urol. 2011;186:1303-1307)。5年时,13.8%的患者晚期复发,但pTis期肿瘤患者中无一进展至侵袭性或转移性疾病。Spiess医生指出,这些患者复发相当晚,因此应该对他们至少随访10年。就保留阴茎的治疗而言,重要的一点就是临床分期高于一切。不过这仅针对浅表病灶很小、肿瘤边缘阴性的患者,如若不然,则需要考虑采用更彻底的手术疗法。

  另一项治疗选择就是短程放射治疗。近期一项法国研究显示,采用这种疗法的10年阴茎癌复发率为20%,10年腹股沟复发率为11%(Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;74:1150-1156)。不过,在阴茎癌短程放射治疗方面有经验的优秀医学中心少之甚少,这就是指南在制定针对短程放疗的建议时稍显谨慎的原因。Spiess医生强调了阴茎放射治疗后进行严格监测的重要性,他指出,接受根治性放射治疗的患者多达40%最终会因为病情复发而需要手术治疗。鉴于该患者群的组织经射线照射后脆性高,血管化程度差,故手术难度很大,不适宜采用移植术。

  前哨淋巴结活检

  Spiess医生还探讨了阴茎癌前哨淋巴结活检,这一概念早在30多年前就已经被提出。据一项研究报道,采用联合术前锝99m标记的硫磺胶体注射和异硫蓝染色的患者中假阴性率为18%;新近一项前瞻性研究发现其敏感性仅为71%,有2例假阴性结果(J Urol. 2007;177:2157-2161);但一项综述发现对疑似淋巴结采用术前超声和细针抽吸细胞学检查可将假阳性率最小化(World J Urol. 2009;27:197-203)。不过,目前尚不提倡采取这项技术。

阴茎癌相关的拓展阅读:


    

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    2013-04-12 dingxiaobo
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  佛罗里达州好莱坞——美国国家综合癌症网络(NCCN)在第18届年会上推出了新的阴茎癌治疗指南。   据佛罗里达州坦帕市H. Lee Moffitt癌症研究中心的泌尿生殖系肿瘤学家Philippe E. Spiess博士介绍,美国2010年新发阴茎癌1250例,而相关死亡例数约为310例;阴茎癌在美国和欧洲占恶性肿瘤的0.4%~0.6%。另外,北美和全球治疗阴茎癌的方法存在很高的异质性,标准疗