无需运动和节食也能减肥!Nature论文揭示促进能量消耗和脂肪燃烧的新方法

2022-07-09 nagashi “生物世界”公众号

该研究鉴定出一种叫做肌苷(inosine)的关键分子,它是细胞凋亡过程中释放的代谢物,可以燃烧脂肪从而抵抗肥胖。

时下,肥胖已然成为一种全球流行病,肥胖的发病率也在世界各国持续飙升,包括中国。研究数据显示,全世界有19亿成年人超重、6亿人肥胖,预计到2030年,全球将有高达51%的人口出现超重或肥胖症状。

更重要的是,肥胖还会进一步引发代谢综合症并伴随各种并发症,例如2型糖尿病、高血压、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、心血管疾病以及癌症。由此可见,开发一种治疗肥胖的治疗策略对人类健康是十分重要的。

2022年7月5日,德国波恩大学的 Alexander Pfeifer 教授团队在 Nature 期刊发表题为:Apoptotic brown adipocytes enhance energy expenditure via extracellular inosine(凋亡的棕色脂肪细胞通过细胞外肌苷增强能量消耗)的研究论文。

该研究鉴定出一种叫做肌苷(inosine)的关键分子,它是细胞凋亡过程中释放的代谢物,可以燃烧脂肪从而抵抗肥胖。

该研究进一步揭示了 ENT1 蛋白通过调控棕色脂肪组织(BAT)中的肌苷水平来影响能量消耗,降低 ENT1 蛋白水平能够促进能量消耗,抑制肥胖。

人类 ENT1 基因中 Ile216Thr 功能丧失突变(即ENT1第216位氨基酸由异亮氨酸突变苏氨酸)与体重指数(BMI)显着降低相关,携带该基因突变的人肥胖概率降低了59%。

我们常常把肥胖归罪于身上的“肥肉”,也就是脂肪组织。但实际上,并不是所有的脂肪组织都会导致肥胖,有些脂肪组织甚至会增加基础代谢从而帮助我们减肥,而它们被称为“棕色脂肪组织”(BAT)。

作为一种生物产热器,绝大多数哺乳动物体内都存在棕色脂肪组织。对于人类来说,褐色脂肪组织在新生儿体内更为常见——它帮助婴幼儿保持正常的体温,而在成人中,褐色脂肪活化与心脏代谢健康呈正相关。

值得注意的是,随着物质生活水平的提高,现代人类不愁住房穿衣、不愁吃喝用度,无需抵御风霜严寒,而且运动量也远远少于在荒原上追逐猎物的祖先,棕色脂肪组织也因此逐渐停止工作,最终甚至死亡。

Alexander Pfeifer 教授及其团队积极探寻能激活棕色脂肪组织的分子机制。研究团队注意到,死亡的细胞会释放出一种混合的信使分子,这些分子会影响邻近细胞的功能,由此他们探究了这种机制是否也存在于棕色脂肪组织中。

在这项最新研究中,研究团队通过非靶向代谢组学证明凋亡的棕色脂肪细胞释放一种嘌呤代谢物高度富集的特定模式的代谢物。有趣的是,这种凋亡分泌代物——肌苷,可以增强健康棕色脂肪细胞的产热,并诱导白色脂肪组织“褐变”,即向棕色脂肪组织的转变。

凋亡的棕色脂肪细胞释放肌苷促进健康脂肪组织产热

不仅如此,研究人员还发现,与对照组相比,喂食高能量饮食并同时用肌苷治疗的小鼠保持了更瘦的身材,并避免了糖尿病。打个形象生动的比喻,如果把棕色脂肪组织比作“熔炉”,那么肌苷就像是一把“扇子”,把火烧得更旺!

高能量饮食并同时用肌苷治疗的小鼠体重更轻

进一步的机制研究表明,在正常情况下,平衡核苷转运体1(ENT1;SLC29A1)可以调节棕色脂肪组织中的肌苷水平,而当 ENT1 缺乏时,细胞外的肌苷水平上升,并促进热源性脂肪细胞分化,最终导致产热增加。

Alexander Pfeifer 教授及其团队发现,在小鼠中,全身性或脂肪特异性敲除 ENT1 以及对 ENT1 的药理抑制,可以增强棕色脂肪组织的活性并抵消了饮食诱导的肥胖。在人类棕色脂肪细胞中,敲低或阻断 ENT1 可增加细胞外肌苷,从而增强产热能力。

ENT1敲除或药物阻断增强增强褐色脂肪组织的活性并抵消了饮食诱导的肥胖

研究团队还发现,在人体脂肪组织中,ENT1 的高水平与产热标志物 UCP1 的低表达相关。此外,人类 ENT1 中 Ile216Thr 功能丧失突变(即ENT1第216位氨基酸由异亮氨酸突变苏氨酸)与体重指数(BMI)显着降低相关,携带该基因突变的人其肥胖概率降低了59%。

总而言之,这些结果表明,肌苷可以调节棕色脂肪细胞的产热,但正常组织细胞可以通过转运蛋白 ENT1 转运肌苷消除这种效应。因此,干扰和阻断 ENT1 活性的药物将有助于肥胖的治疗。实际上,这类药物已经被批准用于治疗凝血障碍。

研究模式图

Alexander Pfeifer 教授表示,还需要进一步的临床研究来阐明这种机制的药理潜力。目前可用的肥胖治疗方法还不够有效,因此迫切需要药物来使肥胖患者的能量平衡正常化。如果这种减肥方法获得成功,我们也许无需额外运动就能把肥肉给减了。

原始出处:

Niemann, B., Haufs-Brusberg, S., Puetz, L. et al. Apoptotic brown adipocytes enhance energy expenditure via extracellular inosine. Nature (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05041-0.

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    2022-10-24 liye789132251
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    2022-07-11 nc2ynfm

    肥胖患者的**。

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950494, encodeId=c621195049461, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6f8184365e1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脂肪燃烧#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84365, encryptionId=6f8184365e1, topicName=脂肪燃烧)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f503121, createdName=zjubiostat, createdTime=Sat Aug 13 01:17:52 CST 2022, time=2022-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903451, encodeId=7f601903451a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1b0583884b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新方法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58388, encryptionId=e1b0583884b, topicName=新方法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=医者仁心, createdTime=Fri Apr 14 23:17:52 CST 2023, time=2023-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885869, encodeId=9cac188586900, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Oct 24 08:17:52 CST 2022, time=2022-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1231889, encodeId=1fbf12318895a, content=肥胖患者的**。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5d5f2727908, createdName=nc2ynfm, createdTime=Mon Jul 11 22:00:39 CST 2022, time=2022-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1231554, encodeId=4025123155431, content=ENT1,肌苷转运蛋白,位于细胞膜内,可以将肌苷转入细胞内,造成肌苷浓度下降。而肌苷可以激活白色脂肪组织转为棕色脂肪组织, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b7585483820, createdName=ms3000000731310237, createdTime=Sat Jul 09 22:14:10 CST 2022, time=2022-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1414155, encodeId=74e0141415571, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e215868e93c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#节食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86879, encryptionId=e215868e93c, topicName=节食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=da0d3042812, createdName=lsndxfj, createdTime=Mon Jul 11 04:17:52 CST 2022, time=2022-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1245943, encodeId=a0c21245943ba, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Sat Jul 09 16:17:52 CST 2022, time=2022-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-07-09 ms3000000731310237

    ENT1,肌苷转运蛋白,位于细胞膜内,可以将肌苷转入细胞内,造成肌苷浓度下降。而肌苷可以激活白色脂肪组织转为棕色脂肪组织

    0

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    2022-07-11 lsndxfj
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    2022-07-09 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

    0

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