PLoS Pathog:清华抗登革热病毒疫苗新策略

2014-02-26 伊文 清华新闻网

2月13日,清华大学医学院程功研究组在国际著名病原学期刊 PLoS Pathogens (公共科学图书馆.病原体)上发表题为“Transmission-Blocking Antibodies Against Mosquito C-type Lectins for Dengue Preven

2月13日,清华大学医学院程功研究组在国际著名病原学期刊 PLoS Pathogens (公共科学图书馆.病原体)上发表题为“Transmission-Blocking Antibodies Against Mosquito C-type Lectins for Dengue Prevention”(抗蚊子C型凝集素抗体阻断登革热的传播流行,Liu et al., 2014, PLoS Pathogens 10:e1003931)的学术论文,并被遴选为本期的Featured Research (特别推荐文章)。该研究在世界上首次提出了一种抗登革热病毒的传播阻断疫苗策略,并验证了该疫苗的有效性,为登革热病毒的防治提供了新的研究思路和干预手段。清华大学医学院研究员程功为本文的通讯作者,生命科学联合中心2013级博士研究生刘洋为文章的第一作者。【原文下载

登革热作为世界上最严重的病毒性虫媒传染病尚无特效药物及疫苗,程功研究组利用鉴定出的病毒受体作为干预靶点,首次提出了一种新型抗登革热传播阻断疫苗 (transmission-blocking vaccine) 策略并验证了有效性。该疫苗可以在宿主中免疫病毒受体蛋白来切断登革热的传播途径,为未来控制登革热的暴发和流行提供了新的手段。

登革热病毒属于黄病毒属,由埃及伊蚊 (Aedes aegypti) 或白纹伊蚊 (Aedes albopictus) 携带传播。据世界卫生组织统计,目前已有100多个国家及地区出现登革热病毒感染流行,大约有25-30亿人生活在受登革热病毒感染威胁的区域,每年约有1-3亿人被登革热病毒初次感染或重复感染。大多数情况下,登革热临床表现较轻微,随病程进展大多数人自愈。但少数感染者的病程会进展到登革出血热 (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever) 及登革休克综合症 (Dengue Shock Syndrome),死亡率极高。近10年来,登革热在全球范围内的流行趋势加剧,已经成为一个世界性的公共卫生难题。登革热目前仍无特效的治疗疗法及安全有效的疫苗。

在该项研究中,程功研究组利用RNA干扰 (RNAi)筛选的方法在埃及伊蚊体内鉴定出多种C型凝集素蛋白(C-type lectin)作为重要受体辅助登革热病毒感染埃及伊蚊。实验结果表明,埃及伊蚊C型凝集素蛋白的抗血清可以有效阻止埃及伊蚊在吸血的过程中获取登革热病毒的能力,表明在宿主中免疫埃及伊蚊的病毒受体蛋白可以阻断登革热病毒在自然界的传播(示意图如下):

清华大学医学院程功实验室主要的研究方向是蚊媒传染病的致病机制及疫苗研发。该研究获得比尔和梅琳达-盖茨基金会“Grand hallenges Explorations项目”、科技部“蛋白质重大科学研究计划”、卫生部“艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治国家科技重大专项”的资助。

该疫苗已申请国家发明专利保护(申请号:201310181920.3);目前该研究成果正在申请PCT国际专利保护。

原始出处

Liu Y1, Zhang F2, Liu J1, Xiao X1, Zhang S1, Qin C3, Xiang Y1, Wang P4, Cheng G5.Transmission-Blocking Antibodies against Mosquito C-Type Lectins for Dengue Prevention.PLoS Pathog. 2014 Feb 13【原文下载

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    2014-02-28 医生2397