内镜致腹腔感染冲洗法可治疗

2014-05-26 佚名 健康报

如今,随着消化内镜技术的日益完善,临床上新的内镜下微创治疗方法层出不穷。然而,内镜下微创手术在给患者带来巨大益处的同时,也增加了各种医源性并发症,尤其是消化道穿孔及继发感染。 以往对无腹腔污染或有轻微污染的消化道穿孔,大多采用内镜下金属钛夹闭合术、专用工具缝合术、套扎技术和生物胶技术等方法进行治疗。但对于肠道准备欠佳且穿孔过大的病例,在行内镜下闭合穿孔时,可有肠腔内残存的粪便和含大量致病菌的肠液

如今,随着消化内镜技术的日益完善,临床上新的内镜下微创治疗方法层出不穷。然而,内镜下微创手术在给患者带来巨大益处的同时,也增加了各种医源性并发症,尤其是消化道穿孔及继发感染。

以往对无腹腔污染或有轻微污染的消化道穿孔,大多采用内镜下金属钛夹闭合术、专用工具缝合术、套扎技术和生物胶技术等方法进行治疗。但对于肠道准备欠佳且穿孔过大的病例,在行内镜下闭合穿孔时,可有肠腔内残存的粪便和含大量致病菌的肠液进入腹腔并造成污染。该情况如不能及时得到控制,可导致弥漫性腹膜炎等。

在借鉴和结合开腹或腹腔镜下肠修补术后,我们尝试应用生理盐水持续性腹腔冲洗治疗内镜下医源性腹腔感染,并将其应用于临床,取得了显著的疗效。

持续性腹腔冲洗的具体操作方法分为以下三个步骤——

一是让病人平卧或侧卧,在B超引导下,于左、右两侧腹部各选一穿刺点(通常选取麦氏点与反麦氏点),分别置入一软性腹腔引流管并固定。若冲洗引流效果不佳或腹膜炎较重者,可再置入1~2个引流管。

二是将腹腔积液引出管关闭后,将500毫升 / 袋无菌生理盐水从冲入管中持续快速滴入腹腔,引出管接引流袋收集腹腔冲洗液。每冲入1500~2000毫升生理盐水后,使冲洗液在腹膜腔停留10分钟,同时在家属的帮助下左右轻轻摇晃腹部,使冲洗液在腹膜腔内分布均匀。

三是引流冲洗液15~20分钟,观察并记录引流液性状。因腹膜具有吸收功能,故引流液量会略小于冲入生理盐水量。若腹腔液体引流不畅,可协助病人向引流侧侧卧以助腹腔积液的引出。待引流液量达到滴入液体量的70%~80%,再次重复上述过程。引流期间暂停滴入生理盐水,以减轻因滴入速度快于引流速度所致的腹腔内液体积聚,避免引起身体不适。

按照上述方法,根据患者病情持续冲洗2~7日,每日24小时不间断冲洗,同时使用抗生素。待患者精神状态好转、腹膜炎症状及体征消失、引流液变为澄清无色(或淡黄色)且无混浊物后,即可拔出所有引流管。

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    2015-05-25 cqqlss

    可以在临床上尝试应用

    0

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