Cell:大规模癌症基因组研究(TCGA)可能重新定义肿瘤分型

2014-08-11 佚名 生物通

来自美国加州的消息,癌症基因组图谱研究(Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)项目组公布了一项癌症基因组最大规模研究结果,研究人员在多个基因组技术平台上分析了超过3500个肿瘤,从中发现了一种能区分癌症的新方法。这一同领域最大规模的研究成果公布在8月7日的Cell杂志上,领导这一研究的是加州大学圣克鲁兹分校Buck研究所Christopher Benz和 Christina Yau。2

来自美国加州的消息,癌症基因组图谱研究(Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)项目组公布了一项癌症基因组最大规模研究结果,研究人员在多个基因组技术平台上分析了超过3500个肿瘤,从中发现了一种能区分癌症的新方法。

这一同领域最大规模的研究成果公布在8月7日的Cell杂志上,领导这一研究的是加州大学圣克鲁兹分校Buck研究所Christopher Benz和 Christina Yau。

2007年,美国国立卫生研究院NIH宣布进行为期两年、总值340万美元的癌症基因组图谱研究计划(Cancer Genome Atlas pilot program),这一计划目标是“测试一种大规模、系统性分析癌细胞基因组变化的方法的可行性”,为检测、治疗、预防癌症提供基因组信息。

在过去的几年里,这一项目陆续获得了一些研究成果,而在最新这项研究中,研究人员采用6种不同的TCGA“平台技术(platform technologies)”,分析了12种不同肿瘤类型样品的DNA,RNA和蛋白,希望能从中发现不同类型的肿瘤如何相互区分。

研究结果表明相对于癌症起源的组织类型,如乳房肾脏、膀胱等,相同癌症起源的细胞类型具有更多分子和遗传上的相似性。


文章的通讯作者Benz指出,我们组织中大部分是由许多不同类型的上皮细胞和非上皮细胞组成,“这项颠覆性的基因组研究不仅挑战了基于组织类型的现有癌症分类系统,而且还提供了能用于进一步研究的大量新数据来源,以及能用于区分每种新描述癌症类型的分子特征整体列表,”Benz说,“比如说膀胱癌能重新被分成几种不同的癌症类型,每一种都具有不同的临床表征,这就有助于解释对看似相同的癌症类型进行相同的全身疗法治疗,为什么患者往往反应截然不同”。

这一研究组发现在十个癌症患者中至少有一个能通过这种新系统分类到不同的癌症类型中,而且Benz认为如果他们下一轮进行更多的样品,和肿瘤类型的分析,将会有更多的肿瘤需要重新分类,他预计下一轮将进行超过20种不同肿瘤类型的分析。

“考虑到这种多平台类型基因组分析的潜力,我们还只是分析了冰山的一角。未来可能还有多达30%或 50%的癌症需要被重新归类”。

在这项研究中,最引人注目的发现就是膀胱癌和乳腺癌方面的成果,至少有三个不同亚型的膀胱癌需要重新分类:一种是无法与肺腺癌区分开来的亚型,一种是与起源自头部,颈部和肺部的鳞状上皮细胞癌很相似的亚型。

这项研究也指出和证实了乳腺癌类型中已知的差异,而且还揭示出了新的令人惊讶的发现——基底样乳腺癌实际上是一类新癌症类型。

基底样乳腺癌(Basal-like breast cancers)通常称为三阴性乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer),是一种特别具有侵袭性,并致命的癌症。“即使这些基底样癌症出现在乳腺中,但在分子水平上它们与卵巢癌和鳞状上皮细胞起源的癌症更为相似,”Yau说。

Benz认为这一研究将能被用于临床试验设计,尤其是希望能通过肿瘤基因组重分类,寻找新的治疗方法的患者,“虽然需要后续的研究来验证,并完善这一新提出的癌症分类系统,但是这项研究最终将能为个性化癌症医疗时代的到来,奠定基础生物学基础。”

TCGA项目相关研究:

The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network; Analysis Working Group: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Institute for Systems Biology; University of Southern California; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; BC Cancer Agency; Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma.Nature. 2014 Jul 23. doi: 10.1038/nature13480. [Epub ahead of print]

Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network.Comprehensive molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma.Nature. 2014 Jul 31;511(7511):543-50. doi: 10.1038/nature13385. Epub 2014 Jul 9.


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    2015-02-09 ylz8403
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    2015-06-28 维他命

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