源于冬虫夏草的药物芬戈莫德如何有效治疗多发性硬化症?

2016-10-25 佚名 生物谷

多发性硬化症是一种自身免疫疾病,药物芬戈莫德 (Fingolimod)往往用来治疗这种疾病,该药物是一种免疫抑制剂,这就意味着该药物能够通过抑制患者自身的免疫系统来发挥作用,芬戈莫德也是一种口服药。 多发性硬化症是什么? 多发性硬化症是一种慢性的致残性疾病,该疾病主要会引发患者的中枢神经系统发生故障,即包括大脑和脊髓在内的机体结构都会被影响。 目前研究者并不清楚多发性硬化症的发病机制,但有研

多发性硬化症是一种自身免疫疾病,药物芬戈莫德 (Fingolimod)往往用来治疗这种疾病,该药物是一种免疫抑制剂,这就意味着该药物能够通过抑制患者自身的免疫系统来发挥作用,芬戈莫德也是一种口服药。

多发性硬化症是什么?

多发性硬化症是一种慢性的致残性疾病,该疾病主要会引发患者的中枢神经系统发生故障,即包括大脑和脊髓在内的机体结构都会被影响。

目前研究者并不清楚多发性硬化症的发病机制,但有研究证据表明,机体异常的免疫反应往往会导致白细胞数量的增加,从而就会损伤大脑和脊髓中的神经细胞。这种损伤作用表现在受影响的神经细胞的髓鞘位置,所形成的的损伤就会干扰神经细胞之间信号的传递。

常见的多发性硬化症的症状包括肌无力、麻木、思考困难、疲惫、头晕以及视觉障碍等,疾病的发病过程通常包括了患者机体一系列严重症状的发作,随后就进入了相对无症状的时期。

药物芬戈莫德的历史

抑制免疫系统的药物往往和真菌有着交手的历史,最早用来抑制器官移植患者排斥反应的一种免疫抑制药物—环孢素的开发就来自于真菌,环孢素的成功开发就能够帮助科学家们深入探索真菌,以其作为开发新型免疫抑制药物的来源。1992年,药物芬戈莫德首次从真菌辛克莱棒束孢(冬虫夏草,Isaria sinclairii)被分离出来,在中药中,这种真菌被认为是让你青春永驻的“东西”。

药物芬戈莫德如何发挥作用?

芬戈莫德能够通过对淋巴细胞中的特殊受体(S1P-type-1)进行作用,来抑制多发性硬化症患者机体出现的异常免疫反应,从而就能够减少异常激活细胞的循环及发生的潜在神经损伤。

同时研究者还认为,芬戈莫德能够通过降低中枢神经细胞的炎症表现及过早的细胞死亡来对机体产生一定的保护作用,同时有证据显示,该药物还能够帮助修复大脑脑细胞中髓鞘的损伤。芬戈莫德是首个被开发用于治疗多发性硬化症的口服药物,其前体物质—干扰素β能够以注射的形式来进入人体发挥作用。

目前有研究表明,药物芬戈莫德相比安慰剂而言,其能够降低超过50%的多发性硬化症患者的疾病复发率,同时相比其前体物质而言,该药物也能够带来明显的疾病复发率的降低。

药物的副作用是什么?

药物芬戈莫德最为常见的副作用包括病毒感染、头疼、背痛、腹泻以及咳嗽等;使用该药物后往往也会出现一些非常严重但却很罕见的副作用,比如视觉障碍、不规则的心脏搏动以及感染疱疹等,而这些副作用会因机体免疫系统功能被抑制而对患者产生潜在的致命影响。

在开始进行疗法之前医生们往往会对患者进行筛查,这其中就包括根据患者的慢性病症状及药物使用情况来评估患者发生副作用的风险,同时在疗法期间进行药物副作用的监测也显得非常必要。一旦药物芬戈莫德疗法终止,患者机体主要的副作用就会消失。

可用性及成本

早在2011年,药物芬戈莫德就成为了澳大利亚用药福利计划中的一种药物,对于那些利用X光或扫描方式确证的多发性硬化症患者而言,这种药物是可用的,同时对于两年期间至少发生过两次疾病复发的患者也是可用的。

对于那些有资格接受疗法的患者而言,每天0.5mg的胶囊,维持一个月治疗能够花费一般患者38.3澳元,对于优惠卡的患者花费为6.2澳元;对澳大利亚政府而言每个月的治疗花费为2314.50澳元。2014至2015年间,政府花费了134,752,870澳元为患者提供药物芬戈莫德进行治疗。

哪些人不需要用药?

药物芬戈莫德不能用于那些计划怀孕或者有孕在身的女性,因为其会对胎儿产生一定的影响。同时该药还不能用于18岁以下的患者,因为目前缺乏在儿童群体中的相关疗效研究,而且药物芬戈莫德还不能同其它药物一起使用来治疗多发性硬化症。

参考资料:

【1】Fingolimod therapy for multiple sclerosis

Semin Neurol    doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1343794

【2】FTY720 story. Its discovery and the following accelerated development of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists as immunomodulators based on reverse pharmacology

Perspect Medicin Chem

【3】Oral Drug Reduces Relapse Rates in Multiple Sclerosis

【4】Key facts and figures about multiple sclerosis

【5】Weekly Dose: multiple sclerosis drug fingolimod comes from fungus Chinese medicine calls ‘eternal youth’

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    2017-05-09 jml2009
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