威罗菲尼治疗RAS突变型白血病

2012-12-14 佚名 丁香园

  威罗菲尼片(vemurafenib),一款选择性RAF抑制剂药物,可延长BRAF V600E突变性黑素瘤患者的生存期。威罗菲尼片抑制 BRAF V600E细胞的ERK信号,但在BRAF野生型细胞中却可以激活 ERK 信号。这一对ERK信号截然相反的作用是RAF抑制剂药物治疗RAS突变型鳞状细胞皮肤癌患者进展的理论基础。研究人员曾报道经威罗菲尼片治疗的黑素瘤患者体内有疑似RAS突变型白血病细胞的

  威罗菲尼片(vemurafenib),一款选择性RAF抑制剂药物,可延长BRAF V600E突变性黑素瘤患者的生存期。威罗菲尼片抑制 BRAF V600E细胞的ERK信号,但在BRAF野生型细胞中却可以激活 ERK 信号。这一对ERK信号截然相反的作用是RAF抑制剂药物治疗RAS突变型鳞状细胞皮肤癌患者进展的理论基础。研究人员曾报道经威罗菲尼片治疗的黑素瘤患者体内有疑似RAS突变型白血病细胞的加速增殖。威罗菲尼片暴露可诱导ERK信号的过度激活以及白血病细胞群的增殖,此效应与药物戒断恰好相反。

  患者,男性,76岁, IV (T3aNxM1b)期 BRAF V600K突变型白血病。6年前颈部被诊断为 IIA 期黑素瘤病变,并被广泛性切除。入院前1个月,嵴下组织增生压迫左主支气管并导致呼吸困难。支气管镜清创术以及组织活检证实诊断为转移性黑素瘤,患者随之转入研究者所在科室。此时,患者白细胞数量增加,达到18 100细胞每立方毫米(标准范围,4000至11 000),单核细胞数量增加至3000每立方毫米(标准范围,0至1300)。患者立即开始静脉注射ipilimumab治疗(每周3 mg每千克体重,共4次)。患者进展分别于12和18周进行量化。

  在这一研究中,研究人员描述了一例RAS突变型血液癌症患者经选择性RAF抑制剂治疗后加速进展的病例。在威罗菲尼片治疗中,研究人员观察到NRAS突变型白血病细胞克隆中存在ERK信号剂量依赖性、可逆性的活化。同时,RAF抑制剂药物治疗导致患者 BRAF V600K突变型黑素瘤细胞消退。研究数据与未确诊NRAS突变型白血病细胞的先期临床数据一致,后者显示威罗菲尼片治疗会特异性地诱导细胞增殖。临床上,这一病例为粒-单核细胞白血病。既往研究显示NRAS 或KRAS突变广泛存在于11%至57%的慢性粒-单核细胞白血病患者中,在单核细胞、红细胞、以及巨核细胞系中均发生NRAS突变,但淋巴细胞系中并未发现此类突变。

  RAF抑制剂药物在体内和体外对NRAS突变型白血病细胞的促增殖作用与ERK信号的强化有关。作为预示因子,ERK信号经MEK抑制剂共治疗可被弱化。近来有报道显示,与RAF抑制剂药物相比,MEK抑制剂可延长 BRAF V600E突变型黑素瘤患者的生存期以及无进展生存期。因此研究人员设想添加MEK抑制剂药物治疗可能会抑制威罗菲尼片诱导的白血病细胞体内增殖作用。然而,MEK抑制剂尚未得到FDA批准,研究人员不能拿到MEK抑制剂药物用作临床验证。患者通常得到威罗菲尼片的维持治疗,当白细胞数量达到100 000每立方毫米时治疗即中断。此次发现与既往研究报道的体外暴露于伊马替尼、尼洛替尼、或达沙替尼的 BCR-ABL T315I突变型慢性白血病细胞的RAS依赖性截然相反的ERK活化状态相一致。

  这一病例报道显示RAF抑制剂药物对ERK活化状态的相反的作用并不局限于鳞状癌细胞和角化棘皮瘤的增殖。很明显,在其他一些癌变前的损伤中也可以见到这种相反的作用,这些损伤中都有RAS突变,或其他可导致这一通路上游信号活化结果的遗传改变。因为癌变前和癌变后肿瘤灶经常被RAS突变驱动或有上游受体酷氨酸激酶的激活,研究人员预测当使用威罗菲尼片和dabrafenib 的治疗增加时,RAF抑制剂药物刺激的瘤形成病例也会随之增加。特别地,研究人员的治疗经验暗示RAF抑制剂药物治疗的患者白细胞数量的快速增加的原因应被首先研究,在这一原因阐明之前,不应给予药物治疗。鉴于这些发现,应用RAF抑制剂药物辅助治疗需要给予密切监护,而且它们仅应该用于临床试验背景下。

  相关文献:Progression of RAS-Mutant Leukemia during RAF Inhibitor Treatment



    

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    2012-12-16 bioon7

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