美国:噻嗪类利尿剂仍为降压治疗基石

2013-11-30 MedSci MedSci原创

11月15日,美国心脏学会、美国心脏病学院基金会携手美国疾病预防控制中心,发布了成年人高血压治疗科学建议,推出了基于循证证据的高血压治疗新流程,仍将噻嗪类利尿剂作为降压治疗基石,而β受体阻滞剂则不再作为一线用药。 这一科学建议选在美国高血压全国联合委员会的成年人高血压第8版指南(JNC8)“千呼万唤也不出来”时发布,多少会给翘首等待新指南的人们带来些许安慰。 据介绍,目前美国成

11月15日,美国心脏学会、美国心脏病学院基金会携手美国疾病预防控制中心,发布了成年人高血压治疗科学建议,推出了基于循证证据的高血压治疗新流程,仍将噻嗪类利尿剂作为降压治疗基石,而β受体阻滞剂则不再作为一线用药。 

这一科学建议选在美国高血压全国联合委员会的成年人高血压第8版指南(JNC8)“千呼万唤也不出来”时发布,多少会给翘首等待新指南的人们带来些许安慰。 

据介绍,目前美国成年高血压患者约有7800万。2009年数据显示,在美国的心血管疾病和卒中病因以及死因中,高血压依次占46%、72%和15%。2008年,美国高血压直接和间接医疗费用达699亿美元。因此,美国心脏学会和美国疾病预防控制中心都将高血压列为防控重点。

 专家组首先将成年高血压患者的血压控制目标定为≤139/89mmHg。然后将高血压分为两级,根据相关临床指南的意见制定了高血压治疗流程。对于1级高血压(收缩压140~159mmHg或舒张压90~99mmHg)患者,专家组建议在进行生活方式调节的基础上,可考虑应用噻嗪类利尿剂。对于2级高血压(收缩压>160mmHg或舒张压>100mmHg)患者,在生活方式干预的同时,专家组建议噻嗪类利尿剂与血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)或血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)或钙拮抗剂(CCB)联合治疗,也可考虑联用ACEI和CCB。 

若1级和2级高血压患者分别在治疗3个月和2~4周时血压未达标,专家组推荐加大药物剂量和(或)加用一种其他降压药。若调整治疗方案2~4周后血压仍不达标,专家在建议将降压药物最大剂量或加用其他降压药的同时,强调询问患者的治疗依从性,查看家庭自测血压数值,同时要排除是否有继发病因。如两次调整治疗方案后血压控制仍不满意,应考虑转诊至高血压专科门诊(图1)。

建议指出,上述治疗流程并非“标准流程”,不能违反经治医生的最佳临床判断。 

根据心脑血管疾病合并情况,专家组的用药建议如下:合并冠心病或有心肌梗死病史者,可选β受体阻滞剂和ACEI;合并糖尿病者,ACEI或ARB、噻嗪类利尿剂、β受体阻滞剂和CCB为一线治疗;伴收缩性心衰者,可选用ACEI或ARB、β受体阻滞剂、醛固酮拮抗剂和噻嗪类利尿剂;伴舒张性心衰者,可用ACEI或ARB、β受体阻滞剂和噻嗪类利尿剂;合并肾脏病者,首选ACEI或ARB;伴卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作者,建议用噻嗪类利尿剂和ACEI。

述评专家强调,在治疗高血压时,生活方式调节和药物治疗不是“非此即彼”的关系。研究发现,限盐、控制体重、改善饮食结构、加强运动和适量饮酒等干预措施均有助于降压。

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    2014-09-02 fangcong
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    2013-12-02 lixiaoleishz

    比较好,给人很大指导

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1957427, encodeId=2d7a195e427d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c8f14036801' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#噻嗪类利尿剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40368, encryptionId=c8f14036801, topicName=噻嗪类利尿剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/C4Qhy5XHSe503Qbjzc1UtDR83BCv66o6P2XRedX9ohsNGa3uEVicFFk2qkuX5zBSmpicepFySBrwoYknhqMdKmtw/132, createdBy=1aca2500179, createdName=12498d2fm51(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun Apr 13 12:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1643217, encodeId=ebb6164321e46, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=97b840365d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#噻嗪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40365, encryptionId=97b840365d7, topicName=噻嗪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0e9523156615, createdName=fangcong, createdTime=Tue Sep 02 02:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=6321, encodeId=303063212d, content=比较好,给人很大指导, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ff4080718, createdName=lixiaoleishz, createdTime=Mon Dec 02 22:31:00 CST 2013, time=2013-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1271922, encodeId=394612e192246, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=573332291bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#利尿剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32291, encryptionId=573332291bd, topicName=利尿剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca89104, createdName=huperzia, createdTime=Mon Dec 02 03:20:00 CST 2013, time=2013-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1291806, encodeId=29dd1291806a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d32981418b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98141, encryptionId=9d32981418b, topicName=降压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f14236, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Mon Dec 02 03:20:00 CST 2013, time=2013-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1360836, encodeId=583c136083651, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=87fe98146d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降压治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98146, encryptionId=87fe98146d7, topicName=降压治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=xugumin, createdTime=Mon Dec 02 03:20:00 CST 2013, time=2013-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1957427, encodeId=2d7a195e427d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c8f14036801' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#噻嗪类利尿剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40368, encryptionId=c8f14036801, topicName=噻嗪类利尿剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/C4Qhy5XHSe503Qbjzc1UtDR83BCv66o6P2XRedX9ohsNGa3uEVicFFk2qkuX5zBSmpicepFySBrwoYknhqMdKmtw/132, createdBy=1aca2500179, createdName=12498d2fm51(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun Apr 13 12:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1643217, encodeId=ebb6164321e46, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=97b840365d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#噻嗪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40365, encryptionId=97b840365d7, topicName=噻嗪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0e9523156615, createdName=fangcong, createdTime=Tue Sep 02 02:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-09-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=6321, encodeId=303063212d, content=比较好,给人很大指导, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ff4080718, createdName=lixiaoleishz, createdTime=Mon Dec 02 22:31:00 CST 2013, time=2013-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1271922, encodeId=394612e192246, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=573332291bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#利尿剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32291, encryptionId=573332291bd, topicName=利尿剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ca89104, createdName=huperzia, createdTime=Mon Dec 02 03:20:00 CST 2013, time=2013-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1291806, encodeId=29dd1291806a0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d32981418b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98141, encryptionId=9d32981418b, topicName=降压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f14236, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Mon Dec 02 03:20:00 CST 2013, time=2013-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1360836, encodeId=583c136083651, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=87fe98146d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降压治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98146, encryptionId=87fe98146d7, topicName=降压治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=xugumin, createdTime=Mon Dec 02 03:20:00 CST 2013, time=2013-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]