Cell Stem Cell:科幻成为现实,神秘配方实现“身份交换”

2015-08-10 佚名 生物谷

由皮肤成纤维细胞转变的神经细胞 最新的Cell Stem Cell上刊登了两个中国研究小组的研究。他们使用不同的方法完成了相同的生物身份交换:皮肤细胞变为神经细胞。这两种方法,都仅仅是在细胞中添加一些化学物质,这或会开创用自身细胞治疗疾病的新起点。当科学家想将一种类型的细胞转变成另一种或者变成更基本的干细胞,大部分都取决于向原始细胞添加的基因。但这种基因插入方法也有缺点:复杂的步骤,费时。而


由皮肤成纤维细胞转变的神经细胞

最新的Cell Stem Cell上刊登了两个中国研究小组的研究。他们使用不同的方法完成了相同的生物身份交换:皮肤细胞变为神经细胞。这两种方法,都仅仅是在细胞中添加一些化学物质,这或会开创用自身细胞治疗疾病的新起点。

当科学家想将一种类型的细胞转变成另一种或者变成更基本的干细胞,大部分都取决于向原始细胞添加的基因。但这种基因插入方法也有缺点:复杂的步骤,费时。而且当插入的基因落到特殊的染色体位置时,或可能会激活一个致癌基因。

今天Cell Stem Cell发布的新办法,采取了一个“微创”的路线。裴钢,上海生命科学研究院生化学家解释说:“关键的是所谓的小分子化学物质。它们潜入一个细胞,进入细胞核,改变基因的活性。”裴钢和他的团队检测了数千中化学物质,以筛选出那些可以促进一种细胞类型转到另一种的物质。最终他们发现了一组特殊的分子配方,关闭皮肤细胞的基因,并激活神经元基因。这个配方称为VCRFSGY,包括七种小分子:丙戊酸(valproic acid),CHIR99021,Repsox,Forskolin,SP600125,GO6983,和Y-27632。当加入人皮肤细胞培养皿中,这些细胞在几周后转化为成熟,功能性神经元。

VCRFSGY的工作原理是按阶段分的。最初四种化学物质VCRF,作用在一个称为Tuj1基因(是仅在神经细胞有特异性活性的基因),改变细胞的物理性状。但VCRF的作用使细胞保持在一个不伦不类的情况:不是一个真正的皮肤细胞,也不是一个神经元。化学物质SGY帮助它们完成转换—通过放大由VCRF诱发的神经元发育。这之后,不仅产生的细胞看起来像神经元,它们表现得好像是:他们能够出现动作电位,这正是神经元之间沟通必备的基础。

在另一项研究中,北京大学的研究人员在小鼠细胞中完成相同的任务,不过使用的是不同的化学配方。仅需两种不同的化学物组合即能将皮肤细胞转化为神经细胞。一个BET蛋白家族布罗莫结构域抑制剂(BET family bromodomain inhibitor)—I-BET151,打乱了皮肤成纤维细胞的特异程序,而神经发生诱导剂ISX9帮助激活神经元特异性基因。

这些技术可能在未来个性化药物中充当重要角色,尤其是使用患者自身的细胞来治疗疾病,甚至提供移植细胞用于治疗。事实上,Pei的团队就表明了阿尔茨海默氏病人的皮肤细胞可以转为表达阿尔茨海默氏病的几个重要生物标记的神经细胞。这些结果或为今后的阿尔茨海默氏病的的研究奠定一个新的基础,为科学家们提供安全和准确的平台来测试新药物的影响。

原文出处:

Wenxiang Hu, Binlong Qiu.et al.Direct Conversion of Normal and Alzheimer’s Disease Human Fibroblasts into Neuronal Cells by Small Molecules.Cell Stem Cell.2015

Xiang Li, Xiaohan Zuo.et al.Small-Molecule-Driven Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Functional Neurons.Cell Stem Cell.2015

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    2016-02-16 智智灵药
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    2015-08-17 1dd9c7cbm78(暂无匿称)

    干细胞ヽ(^。^)丿

    0

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