Neurosurgery:新循证指南明确脑震荡的4个体征

2014-07-16 佚名 中国医考网编译

完全基于证据的首个脑震荡指南的初始部分,已经明确了脑震荡的4个“普遍指征”。它们是:☆ 观察并记录事件发生后立即出现的定向障碍或意识模糊;☆ 受伤后1天之内出现平衡损害;☆ 受伤后2天之内出现反应迟缓;☆ 受伤后2天之内出现言语学习和记忆损害。新循证指南的第一部,在2014年9月发行的 Neurosurgery 杂志上作为特别增刊出版,现在已在线发表。它由波特兰市俄勒冈卫生科学大学Nancy Ca

完全基于证据的首个脑震荡指南的初始部分,已经明确了脑震荡的4个“普遍指征”。

它们是:

☆ 观察并记录事件发生后立即出现的定向障碍或意识模糊;

☆ 受伤后1天之内出现平衡损害;

☆ 受伤后2天之内出现反应迟缓;

☆ 受伤后2天之内出现言语学习和记忆损害。

新循证指南的第一部,在2014年9月发行的 Neurosurgery 杂志上作为特别增刊出版,现在已在线发表。它由波特兰市俄勒冈卫生科学大学Nancy Carney博士和纽约脑创伤基金会JamshidGhajar博士领导的小组制定。

“这4个因素都在头部遭受暴力后2天内出现,”Ghajar博士告诉Medscape医学新闻。“我可以说它们有强力的试验数据支持。我建议临床医生在头部遭受打击的患者身上寻找这些体征,并在诊断脑震荡时对这些体征予以额外重视。”

该文章指出,目前没有一致地应用于临床及研究背景的脑震荡循证医学定义。Ghajar博士指出,关于如何诊断和处理脑震荡存在很多困惑。

“大约有40个脑震荡的定义均来源于专家共识。由于缺乏证据,这是不得已之举。但我们专注于确凿的证据,”他说。“医生想100%地知道他们应该做什么。我们不能告诉他们该做什么,但是我们可以告诉他们我们的证据。”

Carney博士、Ghajar博士和他的同事们着手于识别最普遍的体征、症状及头部遭受外力后的功能缺失。“我们想要精心设计的研究,并且入组标准宽泛,”盖杰尔博士说。“我们想观察一大群头部受伤的人群,并测量他们与没有头部外伤的对照组相比,在接下来的几天里会发生什么。”

在5000多个研究综述中,只有26个研究符合这些严格的标准。当研究人员发现头部外伤组和对照组间出现不同症状,并且这一现象出现在一个以上的研究中时,他们允许这个因素被纳入普遍指标列表中。

该综述的其他重要发现包括以下方面:

☆ 意识丧失:1%~14%

☆ 创伤后失忆:2%~30%

☆ 逆行性遗忘:7%~53%

☆ 定向障碍/意识模糊:18%~45%

☆ 受伤后24小时内平衡障碍:24%~36%,第二天下降至:19%~24%

☆ 受伤后24小时内反应减慢:41%~71%

☆ 在大多数情况下,认知障碍在1周内恢复

☆ 一些证据表明很多脑震荡患者更容易受到伤害

Ghajar博士指出,脑外伤基金会以严重脑损伤或昏迷方面的指南而著称。“这是第一个涉及外科手术任何分支的循证指南,已经被广泛接受。我们现在估计这些指南正在被80%的医院使用。在纽约州那些遵循指南的医院里,昏迷患者的死亡率在过去的10年中已经下降了45%.基于我们昏迷指南的成功,美国国防部和CDC(疾病控制和预防中心)让我们制定一套以证据为基础的脑震荡指南。”

他补充道:“该报告真正要做的是明确目前关于脑震荡的文献。我们需要更好的研究患者头部外伤后会发生什么,这样我们可以制定文献并且修正诊断标准。如果我们不做更好的研究,那仍然会像现在一样混乱,对于究竟什么是脑震荡知之甚少。”

他说,他们的初步研究结果并不与其他脑震荡指南不同。“美国神经病学协会在去年颁布的指南中确实使用了一些循证进程,并且他们得出的结论与我们类似。但他们在一些共识问题上也存在混淆。然而,该报告一般说来是没有冲突的。”

作者避免使用“轻度创伤性脑损伤”这个词来描述脑震荡,Ghajar博士解释说:“‘轻度’是一种伤害。我不认为任何创伤性脑外伤可以被描述为轻度。这就像是说有人得了轻度的癌症。此外,在许多情况下,我们不知道脑震荡患者是否确实存在脑外伤。所以我们更愿意使用术语‘脑震荡’。”

研究人员还在继续他们的工作,希望年底前发布指南第二部。为此,他们正试图进一步确定症状,进一步核实这里所描述的4个指标。同时他们会继续研究脑震荡的管理及预后指标。


原始出处:
Carney N1, Ghajar J, Jagoda A, Bedrick S, Davis-OʼReilly C, du Coudray H, Hack D, Helfand N, Huddleston A, Nettleton T, Riggio S.Executive summary of concussion guidelines step 1: systematic review of prevalent indicators.Neurosurgery. 2014 Sep;75 Suppl 1:S1-2. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000434.【FREE


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    2015-04-03 chg121
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    2014-07-30 xiaoxifeng

    应该是比较有用的。

    0

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    2014-07-18 TZF0804
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1877661, encodeId=69ff18e766163, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b013169237f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#surgery#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16923, encryptionId=b013169237f, topicName=surgery)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7db99, createdName=chg121, createdTime=Fri Apr 03 16:50:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2021486, encodeId=353c202148692, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=31e8e9669d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GER#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7966, encryptionId=31e8e9669d, topicName=GER)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=48732500158, createdName=12498c32m68暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Jan 24 13:50:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10757, encodeId=da2010e57e6, content=应该是比较有用的。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=635997983, createdName=xiaoxifeng, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 23:29:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1316242, encodeId=b33d1316242c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=654a85168c0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑震荡#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85168, encryptionId=654a85168c0, topicName=脑震荡)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0041445, createdName=TZF0804, createdTime=Fri Jul 18 00:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1363978, encodeId=13aa13639e851, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7c5615628ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ROS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15628, encryptionId=7c5615628ad, topicName=ROS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=acc3210, createdName=lsndxfj, createdTime=Fri Jul 18 00:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1449658, encodeId=1d24144965892, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0bd850468be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#循证#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50468, encryptionId=0bd850468be, topicName=循证)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fca95510093, createdName=xjy04, createdTime=Fri Jul 18 00:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-07-18 lsndxfj
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1877661, encodeId=69ff18e766163, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b013169237f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#surgery#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16923, encryptionId=b013169237f, topicName=surgery)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7db99, createdName=chg121, createdTime=Fri Apr 03 16:50:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2021486, encodeId=353c202148692, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=31e8e9669d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#GER#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7966, encryptionId=31e8e9669d, topicName=GER)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=48732500158, createdName=12498c32m68暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Jan 24 13:50:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10757, encodeId=da2010e57e6, content=应该是比较有用的。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=635997983, createdName=xiaoxifeng, createdTime=Wed Jul 30 23:29:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1316242, encodeId=b33d1316242c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=654a85168c0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑震荡#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85168, encryptionId=654a85168c0, topicName=脑震荡)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0041445, createdName=TZF0804, createdTime=Fri Jul 18 00:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1363978, encodeId=13aa13639e851, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7c5615628ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ROS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15628, encryptionId=7c5615628ad, topicName=ROS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=acc3210, createdName=lsndxfj, createdTime=Fri Jul 18 00:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1449658, encodeId=1d24144965892, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0bd850468be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#循证#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50468, encryptionId=0bd850468be, topicName=循证)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fca95510093, createdName=xjy04, createdTime=Fri Jul 18 00:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-07-18 xjy04

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