JAMA Pediatr:我们用了这么多年的皮肤测试居然是无效的?

2016-04-09 MedSci MedSci原创

皮肤测试通常用于预测患者对阿莫西林是否过敏,阿莫西林是儿童最常用的抗生素之一,然而根据加拿大蒙特利尔市的麦吉尔大学健康中心研究所(RI-MUHC)的一个研究小组领导的一项研究显示,这些皮肤测试方法是无效的。这项研究结果发表在JAMA Pediatrics杂志上,该研究确定了口服激发试验,并且有适当的随访,这是诊断阿莫西林在儿童中非危及生命的更高效,更安全的检查方法。“我们的研究表明,皮肤测试作为诊

皮肤测试通常用于预测患者对阿莫西林是否过敏,阿莫西林是儿童最常用的抗生素之一,然而根据加拿大蒙特利尔市的麦吉尔大学健康中心研究所(RI-MUHC)的一个研究小组领导的一项研究显示,这些皮肤测试方法是无效的。这项研究结果发表在JAMA Pediatrics杂志上,该研究确定了口服激发试验,并且有适当的随访,这是诊断阿莫西林在儿童中非危及生命的更高效,更安全的检查方法。

“我们的研究表明,皮肤测试作为诊断测试基本上是无用的,我们应该直接进入分级激发试验,这是具有高度敏感和特异性的,”该研究报告的主要作者,MUHC蒙特利尔儿童医院(MCH-MUHC)和麦吉尔大学儿科副教授Moshe Ben-Shoshan博士说。“鉴于皮肤测试仍然是医院推荐的筛查方法,这是医生评估儿童对于阿莫西林是否过敏的一种方式的改变。”

激发(PC)测试通常用于疑似过敏原(例如花粉,食物或药物),这涉及患者过敏原的逐步引入。激发测试用于医院或诊所,任何严重的反应可以被安全地管理。

多达10%的儿童会因抗生素而引发皮疹。“大多数没有进一步评估就被诊断对于抗生素过敏,”Ben-Shoshan博士解释说,他也是RI-MUHC的全球健康计划的传染病与免疫研究人员。“大多数的患者继续避免使用抗生素,并且选择替代品,这可能不太有效,而且毒性更大,更昂贵。”

研究人员进行了同类型中最大的研究,以评估使用分级PC对于那些疑似阿莫西林过敏的孩子发生皮疹的结果。从2012年3至2015年4月,他们评估了MCH-MUHC过敏科的818名儿童。不同于以​​往的研究,该研究中所有儿童必须接受分级PC。研究人员发现,94.1%的儿童对于阿莫西林分级PC是耐受的。在所有研究的参与者中,只有17例患者对阿莫西林有立即阳性反应,且其中只有一名儿童的皮肤测试为阳性。事实上对于许多抗生素(包括阿莫西林),皮肤测试具有较高的假阴性率。31名儿童在激发试验后一个多小时有非立即反应。所有非立即反应都是轻微的,主要表现为皮疹。“在所有疑似阿莫西林引发过敏的儿童中,我们的研究是第一个通过PC分级确定立即和非立即阿莫西林过敏的百分比,”Ben-Shoshan博士说。“此外,我们发现,在阴性PC反应儿童中,阿莫西林在未来可以安全地使用,尽管在10%以下的儿童在随后的暴露中可能出现轻微的皮肤症状。”

据研究人员介绍,需要进一步的研究来评估与特定的PC结果相关的因素,特别是研究人员应调查遗传标记与抗生素过敏反应未来的风险之间特定的关联。

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    2017-02-11 feather89
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    2016-04-15 1de8e1afm39(暂无匿称)

    值得学习,很好

    0

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    2016-04-14 李继凯

    长见识了

    0

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    2016-04-14 李继凯

    值得学习

    0

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