为何人的基因组测序没完没了

2016-05-24 Tang Boyun 知乎

随着测序技术的迅猛发展,高通量测序在科学研究中的运用也越来越广泛。而人类的参考基因组也在不停地更新,那么问题来了,为何人的基因组测序没完没了?首先要明白,一个基因组拼完后,得到结果的质量,就和圣斗士一样,是分等级的。当然因为逼格比较高,所以最高是白金级的,青铜什么的就不能算了。(目前一千美元能测的,应该算钢铁圣斗士~)GRCh38,也就是目前科研上使用的最新版本的人参考基因组,上图看上去数据很完美

随着测序技术的迅猛发展,高通量测序在科学研究中的运用也越来越广泛。而人类的参考基因组也在不停地更新,那么问题来了,为何人的基因组测序没完没了?



首先要明白,一个基因组拼完后,得到结果的质量,就和圣斗士一样,是分等级的。当然因为逼格比较高,所以最高是白金级的,青铜什么的就不能算了。(目前一千美元能测的,应该算钢铁圣斗士~)

GRCh38,也就是目前科研上使用的最新版本的人参考基因组,上图看上去数据很完美,但在指导医疗实践上是有问题的,因为它是来源于混合样本,并不能反映任何一个人的单倍型基因组。比如,MAPT(微管相关Tau蛋白)区域,与神经退行性疾病(e.g.帕金森)高度相关的区域,在这种关键区域上,混合样本测得的DNA序列没什么意义。


所以,现在老外搞了个“精准参考基因组”计划(中文名我瞎起的,英文名叫Reference Genomes Improvement Project)。选取有代表性的人种:


计划采用的路线是用PacBio数据de novo组装,配合BioNanoIrys光学图谱来搭脚手架。最后用细菌人工染色体+PacBio来补洞。

这里稍微解释下,为何测高质量的个人基因组需要de novo,而不是resequencing:因为每个人各自都携带有自身独特的、正常的结构变异,使用resequencing也就是比对现成的参考基因组,那么这部分信息毫无疑问会丢失掉。这也是结构变异相关研究比较难做的地方,比如研究癌症,那么最好的对照不是其他正常人,而是自身的正常组织,比如癌与癌旁。

如果你还不懂,那就只能请教大牛,梅斯医学(MedSci)近期推出了针对高通量测序及生物芯片结果的生物信息分析,包括microRNA靶基因预测、mRNA深度分析、非编码RNA靶标基因分析、蛋白互作网络、共表达分析等,强大的学术团队肯定让你结识不少高逼格业内人士,如有问题,直接下载梅斯医学APP,加入群聊,帮你找到志同道合的小伙伴。

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    2016-07-08 高调的麦大麦

    高通量测序与基因芯片的区别,请教一下

    0

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    2016-05-25 milkshark

    的确是这样

    0

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    2016-05-25 milkshark

    继续努力

    0

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    2016-05-24 忠诚向上

    有完全的价值?

    0

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    2016-05-24 wwjxx

    历朝历代都要炼丹以企图长生不老,这个过程仍然在继续!!!!!

    0

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