J Clin Endocrinol Metab:2型糖尿病的骨折风险:纵向血糖水平和药物的关系

2021-12-18 医路坦克 MedSci原创

纵向HbA1c测量对于骨折风险评估是一个重要而有效的工具。

      2型糖尿病(T2D)患者的骨折风险较大,T2D骨折的潜在发病机制是复杂的,不仅仅是因为骨密度的减少,通常还涉及其他的因素。血糖控制不佳会导致各种糖尿病合并症其中包括骨质量差。葡萄糖代谢改变扰乱了骨周转,并对骨材料特性产生负面影响,这可能导致骨折风险升高。其他T2D合并症,如视网膜病变、肾病、高血压,也会增加骨折风险。然而,T2D的持续时间和严重程度及其合并症很难量化。糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)作为反映血糖控制和T2D状态的独立指标,已被广泛用于评估糖尿病合并疾病的风险和死亡率。糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)与骨折风险之间的关系尚未确定。

     糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)可以体现过去两到三个月的平均血糖水平。然而,最近的临床研究表明,骨骼质量的恶化和骨折风险的增加可能与长期高血糖水平有关。因此,目前评估HbA1c(骨折前)的单个时间点测量与骨折发生率之间关系的现有方法已被证明是有效的。相反,适度时间段的纵向HbA1c测量可以作为一种生理上相关的临床工具来评估和管理T2D的骨折风险,即使在缺乏合并症信息的情况下也是如此。

     除了调节血糖,针对T2D的治疗还可以通过更好地正常骨转换来降低骨折风险。例如,在调整了年龄、性别和糖尿病病史等其他协变量后,二甲双胍(一种双胍)与骨折风险降低19%相关。然而,一些抗糖尿病药物可能会对骨组织产生直接的不良影响。例如,噻唑烷二酮(TZD)已被证明增加骨折的风险,因为TZD通过减少成骨细胞的活动而损害骨骼代谢,导致骨量减少。对于其他药物,如美格列酮、二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂、胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂和α阻滞剂,目前要么没有证据,要么有相互矛盾的证据表明它们与骨折风险的改变有关。

     像双膦酸盐这样的抗骨质疏松药物可以通过减少骨吸收来改善骨骼健康。此前,双膦酸盐已被证明能增加糖尿病患者的骨密度。然而,一些研究表明,双膦酸盐不利于改变糖尿病的骨折风险,因为双膦酸盐进一步推迟了重塑过程。相反,其他药物如雷洛昔芬(36例)、雌激素治疗(37例)、特瑞帕帝和地诺单抗(38例)可以使骨质疏松患者的骨转换正常化。因此,需要更多关于普通治疗对骨折风险的影响的数据来管理和降低T2D人群中的骨折风险。

    为此,本研究的目标是:1)在一大批T2D患者中调查HbA1c与骨折的纵向关系,以改进T2D诱发骨折的风险评估;2)确定常用的抗糖尿病和抗骨质疏松药物与管理骨折风险的相关性,并调整其他风险因素。

    回顾性队列研究使用2007年1月1日至2015年9月30日期间从OptomLabs®Data Warehouse获得的未确认索赔和EHR数据进行。对于每个个体,研究是在两年的糖化血红蛋白观察期和两年的骨折随访期内进行的。

    参与者为157,439名T2D患者[年龄≥55岁,糖化血红蛋白平均值≥为6%]是从4,018,250名被诊断为T2D的美国医疗保险优势/商业参与者中挑选出来的。主要观察指标:对所有骨折和脆性骨折进行测量。

    结果:调整协变量后,与血糖控制良好的T2D个体相比,T2D个体血糖控制不良与所有骨折风险增加29%相关(HR:1.29,95%CI 1.22-1.36)。二甲双胍(HR:0.88,95%CI 0.85-0.92)和DPP4抑制剂(HR:0.93,95%CI 0.88-0.98)与降低所有骨折风险相关,而胰岛素(HR:1.26,95%CI 1.21-1.32)、噻唑烷二酮(HR:1.23,95%CI 1.18-1.29)、美格列酮(HR:1.12,95%CI 1.00-1.26)与所有骨折风险增加相关。在T2D组和非糖尿病组中,双膦酸盐与骨折风险增加的相关性相似。

     综上所述,本研究提供的证据表明,纵向HbA1c测量对于骨折风险评估是一个重要而有效的工具。我们发现,在T2D人群中使用药物(二甲双胍、胰岛素、TZDs、DPP4抑制剂、梅格列尼特和双膦酸盐)两年以上与随后时期骨折风险的改变有关。我们的数据通过监测和管理纵向血糖控制以及二甲双胍和/或DPP4抑制剂的使用,为治疗和降低T2D患者的骨折风险提供了重要的临床投入。

 

文献来源:Wang B,  Wang Z,  Poundarik AA,Unmasking Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: The Association of Longitudinal Glycemic Hemoglobin Level and Medications.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 Dec 09;

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    2021-12-17 guojianrong
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    2022-11-01 一闲
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JCEM:糖化血红蛋白纵向水平和药物与2型糖尿病患者骨折风险之间的关联

在两年的随访期间,两年的HbA1c纵向变化与T2D个体的所有骨折风险升高独立相关。二甲双胍和DPP4抑制剂可用于T2D患者骨折风险的处置。

超350万人12年随访研究:噪音烦人还超伤身!明确升高2型糖尿病风险!

Environ Health Perspect.:丹麦一项全国队列研究:长期暴露于交通噪音与2型糖尿病风险

NEJM:Finerenone对肾脏疾病和2型糖尿病患者心血管事件的影响

Finerenone是一种选择性非甾体盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂,对伴有严重白蛋白尿和2型糖尿病的3或4期慢性肾病(CKD)患者心肾结局具有良好的效应。Finerenone在2型糖尿病和更广泛的CKD患者中

Diabetes Obes Metab:2型糖尿病患者体重指数与癌症死亡率的关系

该研究发现2型糖尿病患者的BMI与癌症死亡率之间存在一些关系,但对这一关联的解释需要考虑吸烟状况、负向因果关系和CVD死亡。

Cardiovasc Diabetol:2型糖尿病患者血浆代谢物与亚临床动脉粥样硬化的相关性

不同的代谢特征与亚临床冠状动脉粥样硬化显著相关。

Crit Care:重症社区获得性肺炎和2型糖尿病患者死亡的临床特征及危险因素

与非糖尿病患者相比,伴有T2DM的SCAP患者的临床结局更差。列线图对医院死亡率具有良好的预测性能。