奥沙利铂治疗肝细胞癌耐药的相关机制研究进展

2017-05-31 佚名 肿瘤学论坛

奥沙利铂( Oxaliplatin)是第3代水溶性铂类化合物, 化学名为左旋反式二氨环己烷草酸铂,其抗癌作用与第 1代顺铂(DDP)和第2 代卡铂(CBP)相似,通过铂原子与DNA 链上G共价结合, 形成链内交链、 链间交链及蛋白质交链,使DNA损伤,破坏DNA复制,造成肿瘤细胞凋亡,但无明显的肾毒性、耳毒性及较重的胃肠道反应,不良反应主要为血液学毒性及神经毒性。多项临床研究表明,以奥沙利铂为基础


1.DYRK2下调
DYRK2是进化保守的双特异性酪氨酸 磷酸化调节激酶(DYRK2) 家族的成员。研究表明,DYRK2参与细胞周期进程和细胞凋亡,与肿瘤发生、发展密切相关。DYRK2可通过修饰p53、c-Jun/c-Myc和Snail 抑制肿瘤生长。DYRK2 表达减少与肿瘤产生化疗耐药及预后不良有关 。
  
2.长非编码RNA(lncRNA)上调
lncRNA通过影响局部染色质状态以及通过非染色质方式修饰基因表达的内源性非编码RNA( 长度为200nt至100KB) ,可以为DNA 甲基化沉积提供信号。 在各种恶性肿瘤中,lncRNA的异常表达与肿瘤发生和发展密切相关, 具有诊断和判断预后的价值。lncRNAA已被证明与HCC发生、发展相关, 如MVIH、H19、HULC 、TUC338和MEG3等, 并参与肿瘤耐药 。

3.HOXC8上调
HOXC8是参与多细胞生物形态发生的 同源异型盒(HOX) 基因家族成员,位于染色体12 上。  近年来研究发现,HOXC8 在乳腺癌卵巢癌 、食管鳞状细胞 癌等多种肿瘤中表达升高,与肿瘤的生长、迁移和转移密 切相关。  在 HCC 中,Xu 等证实了HOXC8与HCC 的相关性,并且发现其与奥沙利铂耐药有关。

4.TRIM32上调
三重基序(TRIM) 家族蛋白多数为E3泛素连接酶,均具有3个结构域:RING finger、B-box和卷曲螺旋区。据报道TRIM家族的蛋白参与不同的生物过程, 例如细胞生长、分化和细胞迁移。几个TRIM家族蛋白在各种肿瘤的发生中发挥着重要作用, 如胶质母细胞瘤中的TRIM8、卵巢癌中的TRIM25和乳腺癌中的TRIM27。 TRIM32 是TRIM 家族成员,已显示出具有E3泛素连接酶活性, TRIM32负向调节肿瘤抑制基因 p53介导的凋亡、细胞周期阻滞和应激下的衰老 。

除了上述所述HCC对奥沙利铂的可能耐药机制外,Ma等研究还发现,在肝癌奥沙利铂耐药细胞株中,细胞迁移 和侵袭能力与EMT 表型增加相关,降低EMT转录因子Snail 可逆转EMT并使HCC耐药细胞对奥沙利铂敏感。

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    2017-08-14 xjy02
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