浅谈SCI论文创新性及实验数据可靠性

2014-02-12 MedSci MedSci原创

要写好文章,思路的创新性和实验数据的可靠性是写好一篇SCI的文章必须具备的两个非常重要的条件。但很多研究者不知道怎么才能找到某领域的创新点以及怎么让实验数据更可靠,小编在此给大家总结了一些经验,希望对大家有帮助。(一)、如何寻找获得好的idea1. 优秀科学家要具备敏锐的科研嗅觉,而这种敏锐性是经过长期的思考和实践获得的。通过几天或半个月的苦思苦想得到了一个自以为很好的idea,很可能是别人十几年

要写好文章,思路的创新性和实验数据的可靠性是写好一篇SCI的文章必须具备的两个非常重要的条件。但很多研究者不知道怎么才能找到某领域的创新点以及怎么让实验数据更可靠,小编在此给大家总结了一些经验,希望对大家有帮助。

(一)、如何寻找获得好的idea

1. 优秀科学家要具备敏锐的科研嗅觉,而这种敏锐性是经过长期的思考和实践获得的。通过几天或半个月的苦思苦想得到了一个自以为很好的idea,很可能是别人十几年前就做过的工作。但新手上路时重复一些经典实验以获得经验是很正常的。此外,科研要注重质量,千万不要为单纯地追求数量而令懂行的人嘲笑。如何获得idea呢?
A. 大量地、仔细地阅读文献,多听学术报告、多与同行探讨,从中获得启示,不能急于求成。

B. 总结感兴趣领域内尚未探讨过但很有意义的课题;

C. 总结争论性很强的问题,反复比较研究方法和结论,从中发现切入点;

D. 善于抓住科研过程中遇到的难以解释的问题,往往会成为思维的闪光点;

E. 细致地拟定方案,论证可行性。

2. 获得idea的两种途径:
传统途径就是先阅读大量科研论文,弄清目前的研究现状和要解决的问题等;非传统的途径是自己先冥思苦想一段时间,有了自己的idea后再去查文献。这样不会让以往的研究限制你的思维,不失为一个很好的方法。别人没作过的东西,也许不是因为别人没想到,而是因为没有意义或者没有可能性。

3. 获得良好idea的基础前提:
A. 在科研前必须弥补基础知识,这是看懂文献的基础:《生物化学》《细胞生物学》《基因VIII》必看(先看中文版翟中和《细胞》王境岩《生化》赵寿元《遗传》朱玉贤《分子》;再看英文的Albez《cell》赖宁格《biochemistry》还有经典的《gene 8》)。

B. 广泛阅读文献是支撑。硕士至少查阅600篇,粗看300篇,细看100篇,研读50篇。博士至少再多一倍,并始终关注国际动态。《nature》《science》《cell》《PNAS》《JBC》《MBC》《Genes & Development》不放过,SCI-3分以上期刊应该耳熟能详!

C. 学会阅读文献,读懂文章。建议先review再article,先中后英;中文只看《科学通报》《中国科学》,其他不看;看10-20篇review后看研究性论文。拿到一篇研究性论文,先看标题,立即停住,问自己几个问题:(1)想想别人这文章是怎么做的(可参考材料方法)?会做哪些内容来说明其标题?(2)明白他为什么要做这个吗?(3)如文章是近半年内发表的,该文章解决了什么问题?引出了什么问题(结合你看的综述)?接下来仔细看摘要,就知道你的想法是否与别人吻合?(4)看完实验结果,再思考有什么地方不完善?有没有深入或拓展到底?一般来说,SCI-3分以下的文章只可能做了一部分机理,下面肯定有东西可做,关键是你自己要思考,去发现。

(二)、验数据的可靠性

要保证实验数据的可靠,首先你要进行证伪思考,证伪思考是科学创新思维的基本要求,即你要假设你的实验结果是错误的,然后你要收集证据来说明你的实验结果是正确的。

怎样收集证据?要想获得真实的正确的证据,你要进行周密细致的实验设计。周密细致的实验设计包括以下几个方面:

(1)建立一个完整系统的实验设计设想。你想证明什么设想,通过什么方法来证明?你的文章要投什么刊物?

(2)明确收集的两类数据类型。你收集的实验数据是什么类型的资料,是计量资料还是计数资料。

(3)明确实验专业设计的三个环节。你使用什么动物,给以什么处理措施,采用什么观察指标。

(4)明确实验设计的四项原则。要获得可靠的实验数据,在抽样研究时,要遵循随机、对照、重复和双盲的原则。

(5)把握实验统计设计的五种方法。对于计数资料的统计方法有t检验和方差分析,寻找计量数据之间的关系有相关和回归分析;对于计量资料有X2检验,对于计量资料的比较有二项分布;对于非正态分布资料有秩和检验。重要的核心问题是采用合理的统计学方法。

(6)理解常用实验的六种类型。
选用在你的领域中普遍采用的实验方法,最简单的方法,是找几篇和你搞的研究类似的SCI文章,参考他们的研究方法。实验结束后,就要立即进行总结数据,写文章。

(7)理解在科学实验中产生误差的七个方面。
第一,你提出的问题不是一个科学问题。
第二,在数据收集中,没有采用随机、对照、重复和双盲的原则,收集的数据不准确。你采用的数据收集方法不能解决你提出的问题。
第三,你采用的统计学方法不能科学合理你说明你的问题。
第四,你采用的实验方法方法不能科学合理说明你要解决的问题。
第五,你没有解决实验中存在的误差。
第六,你在实验中没有观察总结出规律。
第七,你没有把你的结论正确的表述出来。
最后,综合评价你的设计是否合理,你采用的方法是否能够说明你要解决的问题。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10697, encodeId=04291069e1a, content=好想法加上可靠的科研设计方法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKHTxibnTFDibsIc9IbicSoNvDavBYy3n5QqAZr2cxfMMUgeOEeuxAqGK9L29c7fumcbxNNVib0TZaJEA/132, createdBy=1cdb95091, createdName=zgarycn, createdTime=Sun Jul 27 12:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=8174, encodeId=22d281e44b, content=谢谢,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbd796135, createdName=Frederic, createdTime=Fri Mar 07 14:27:00 CST 2014, time=2014-03-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7940, encodeId=5939e94059, content=博士要阅读1000多篇文献,这可怎么办, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=59f696546, createdName=yuanfei, createdTime=Fri Feb 28 21:05:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7688, encodeId=d1fbe6885d, content=学习了,非常感谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1b0796550, createdName=chengdan, createdTime=Sun Feb 23 20:02:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1285160, encodeId=de371285160c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77903209422' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#创新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32094, encryptionId=77903209422, topicName=创新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=512a199, createdName=lilianxiang, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 08:22:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1404459, encodeId=bd72140445976, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=10aa1603137' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCI论文#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16031, encryptionId=10aa1603137, topicName=SCI论文)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9c572475119, createdName=般若傻瓜, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 08:22:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-07-27 zgarycn

    好想法加上可靠的科研设计方法

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10697, encodeId=04291069e1a, content=好想法加上可靠的科研设计方法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKHTxibnTFDibsIc9IbicSoNvDavBYy3n5QqAZr2cxfMMUgeOEeuxAqGK9L29c7fumcbxNNVib0TZaJEA/132, createdBy=1cdb95091, createdName=zgarycn, createdTime=Sun Jul 27 12:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=8174, encodeId=22d281e44b, content=谢谢,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbd796135, createdName=Frederic, createdTime=Fri Mar 07 14:27:00 CST 2014, time=2014-03-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7940, encodeId=5939e94059, content=博士要阅读1000多篇文献,这可怎么办, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=59f696546, createdName=yuanfei, createdTime=Fri Feb 28 21:05:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7688, encodeId=d1fbe6885d, content=学习了,非常感谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1b0796550, createdName=chengdan, createdTime=Sun Feb 23 20:02:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1285160, encodeId=de371285160c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77903209422' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#创新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32094, encryptionId=77903209422, topicName=创新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=512a199, createdName=lilianxiang, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 08:22:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1404459, encodeId=bd72140445976, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=10aa1603137' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCI论文#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16031, encryptionId=10aa1603137, topicName=SCI论文)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9c572475119, createdName=般若傻瓜, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 08:22:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-03-07 Frederic

    谢谢,学习了。

    0

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    2014-02-28 yuanfei

    博士要阅读1000多篇文献,这可怎么办

    0

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    2014-02-23 chengdan

    学习了,非常感谢

    0

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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10697, encodeId=04291069e1a, content=好想法加上可靠的科研设计方法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKHTxibnTFDibsIc9IbicSoNvDavBYy3n5QqAZr2cxfMMUgeOEeuxAqGK9L29c7fumcbxNNVib0TZaJEA/132, createdBy=1cdb95091, createdName=zgarycn, createdTime=Sun Jul 27 12:06:00 CST 2014, time=2014-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=8174, encodeId=22d281e44b, content=谢谢,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cbd796135, createdName=Frederic, createdTime=Fri Mar 07 14:27:00 CST 2014, time=2014-03-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7940, encodeId=5939e94059, content=博士要阅读1000多篇文献,这可怎么办, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=59f696546, createdName=yuanfei, createdTime=Fri Feb 28 21:05:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=7688, encodeId=d1fbe6885d, content=学习了,非常感谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1b0796550, createdName=chengdan, createdTime=Sun Feb 23 20:02:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1285160, encodeId=de371285160c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77903209422' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#创新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32094, encryptionId=77903209422, topicName=创新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=512a199, createdName=lilianxiang, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 08:22:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1404459, encodeId=bd72140445976, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=10aa1603137' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCI论文#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16031, encryptionId=10aa1603137, topicName=SCI论文)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9c572475119, createdName=般若傻瓜, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 08:22:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]