明星背后的医学技术:新鲜卵子VS冷冻卵子?

2015-08-12 MedSci MedSci原创

专家称使用冷冻卵子进行体外受精的成活率较新鲜卵子低。一篇发表在《美国医学会》研究中,研究小组分别用新鲜的卵子和冷冻的卵子进行体外受精,结果显示新鲜卵子的人工授精成活率更高。国际生育学会联合会的董事会成员David Adamson教授指出:冷冻卵子的高受孕率为不孕不育夫妇带来了新的治疗选择和福音。癌症治疗,年龄增长都是造成不孕不育的因素,这些女性,常希望减轻因此带来的烦恼。然而,新鲜受精卵的受孕率稍

最近,知名艺人徐静蕾公开描述了她在美国做冷冻卵子的经历,引发各大媒体争相报道和热议。MedSci本来不想凑这个热闹,但正好《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)昨天发表的一项研究对新鲜卵子和冷冻卵子进行了比较,那么我们就从科学的证据来看看这两者谁更胜一筹吧。

近些年来,体外受精(IVF)使用捐卵的情况有所增加。根据传统的做法,捐赠的新鲜卵母细胞都是被马上使用的。2013年1月,美国生殖医学学会宣布,卵子冷冻保存不再是实验性的技术,尽管它呼吁“在建议普遍使用储存捐卵之前,需要有更多有关卵子冷冻保存安全性和效果的临床相关数据。”某些体外受精(IVF)中心建立了冷冻捐卵库。

在最近发表于JAMA的这项研究中,纽约人类生殖中心的Vitaly A. Kushnir,M.D.和其同事采用了2013年美国体外受精(IVF)中心的年度报告结果的数据。这些结果由辅助生殖技术协会发表,对使用新鲜或冷冻卵子的活产和周期取消(即开始了IVF周期,但这些周期没有到达取卵及或胚胎植入的阶段)率进行了比较。这些结果来自美国467个生殖中心中的380个(81%),它们在2013年所做的IVF周期占了所有IVF周期中的92%。 

在11148个捐卵周期中,2227个周期(占20%)使用了冷冻捐卵。新鲜卵子周期中的启动周期的取消率为12%,而冷冻卵子周期的该数值为8.5%。以开始了的接受者周期数为分母,新鲜卵子的活产率为50%,而冷冻卵子的活产率为43%。以植入的胚胎数为分母,新鲜卵子的活产率为56%,而冷冻卵子的活产率为47%。也就是说,新鲜卵子的人工授精成活率高于冷冻卵子。

文章的作者写道,使用冷冻卵子有着较低活产率的原因仍然有待确定。“一个可能的解释是因为卵子起始数目较少而致的胚胎选择的机会较少,从而导致可用于植入的胚胎数目较少。或者,冷冻和解冻可能会对卵子品质造成负面影响。”他们补充说,使用冷冻卵子的外加便利和较低的周期成本必需要与较低的活产率进行平衡。 

研究人员指出,需要谨慎地审视这些结果,因为它们所依据的是匿名的汇总结果,后者不能对病人的混杂特征(如捐者和受捐者的年龄、不孕诊断及胚胎阶段等)进行校正。 

国际生育学会联合会的董事会成员David Adamson教授指出:“癌症治疗、年龄增长都是造成不孕不育的因素,这些女性,常希望减轻因此带来的烦恼。冷冻卵子的高受孕率为不孕不育夫妇带来了新的治疗选择和福音。然而,新鲜受精卵的受孕率还是较冷冻卵子高的,我们不能因为说冷冻卵子或冷冻胚胎受到热捧,就认为这些技术对所有女性来说都是最佳的解决方案。”

迄今为止,冷冻卵子技术尚未成为一个完全成熟的技术,其费用高昂,受孕成功率及胚胎的质量仍需要进一步的研究数据支持,并不适用于仅仅为了延迟生育的普通健康女性。毕竟,随着年龄的增长,女性生理机能的下降,高龄妊娠的流产率和妊娠并发症均会大幅增加。冷冻卵子技术可适用于本身患有一些疾病的女性,如因肿瘤而需进行放化疗或手术切除卵巢的部分病人,以及一些从事高危职业,如放射科医生、宇航员,或有毒物接触的工作人员。

参考文献:

Vitaly A. Kushnir, MD.et al.Outcomes of Fresh and Cryopreserved Oocyte Donation. JAMA. 2015;314(6):623-624.
ACOG: Committee Opinion No. 584: oocyte cryopreservation. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Jan;123(1):221-2.
Mature oocyte cryopreservation: a guideline. Practice Committees of American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. Fertil Steril 2013;99:37–43.

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    2016-02-21 cooco
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    2015-08-14 zlawrance
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    2015-08-12 cmn

    专业文章,收藏下来学习

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