ESMO:新肿瘤患者骨健康临床实践指南

2014-05-13 佚名 中国医学论坛报

在肿瘤患者的管理中,骨健康有着越来越显著的临床重要性。首先,很多实体肿瘤常见骨转移,尤其是晚期乳腺癌、前列腺癌和肺癌、多发性骨髓瘤,可引起骨折、严重的疼痛、神经压迫、高钙血症和骨髓抑制。其次,很多肿瘤患者接受的治疗影响与骨重塑相关的激素水平,加速骨量丢失。第三,骨髓微环境也与肿瘤播散转移过程密切相关。 通过多学科治疗,包括应用骨靶向治疗如双膦酸盐或地诺单抗,可减少骨并发症及减轻骨痛,改善患者的生

在肿瘤患者的管理中,骨健康有着越来越显著的临床重要性。首先,很多实体肿瘤常见骨转移,尤其是晚期乳腺癌、前列腺癌和肺癌、多发性骨髓瘤,可引起骨折、严重的疼痛、神经压迫、高钙血症和骨髓抑制。其次,很多肿瘤患者接受的治疗影响与骨重塑相关的激素水平,加速骨量丢失。第三,骨髓微环境也与肿瘤播散转移过程密切相关。

通过多学科治疗,包括应用骨靶向治疗如双膦酸盐或地诺单抗,可减少骨并发症及减轻骨痛,改善患者的生活质量。有证据表明,应用骨靶向治疗可以减少骨转移并对患者生存有潜在的影响。4月29日,《肿瘤学年鉴》(Ann Oncol)在线发表了欧洲肿瘤内科学会(ESMO)新的《肿瘤患者骨健康临床实践指南》。本文对指南内容要点作一概括,并邀请华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院的于世英教授和褚倩副主任医师进行点评。

指南要点

诊断

鉴别诊断包括骨质疏松、退行性病变和佩吉特(Paget’s)骨病;同位素骨扫描检测骨骼病理改变较敏感,但对病变性质获得的信息较少;CT和磁共振成像(MRI)提供骨结构的信息最佳;正电子发射体层摄影(PET)可提供功能辅助诊断;肿瘤治疗加速骨丢失的患者行双能X线吸收法(DXA)测骨密度。

患者评估

评估患者的症状和活动状态很重要;骨放射影像可评估对治疗的反应,但信息延迟、方法不敏感;同位素骨扫描对监测治疗反应无用;骨代谢的生化标志物可提供预后和对骨特异性治疗反应的信息,但不推荐临床常规应用。

治疗

预防骨转移

双膦酸盐减少骨转移,改善绝经后女性乳腺癌患者的生存,不改善绝经前女性患者的疾病结果(Ⅰ类证据A级推荐);地诺单抗延缓去势抵抗性前列腺癌的骨转移(Ⅰ类证据B级推荐)。

预防治疗引发的骨量丢失

双膦酸盐和地诺单抗可预防早期乳腺癌应用卵巢抑制或芳香化酶抑制剂以及前列腺癌应用雄激素剥夺治疗引发的骨量丢失(Ⅰ类证据B级推荐)。

骨转移的治疗

包含全身治疗、放疗、骨外科、放射科及姑息支持治疗的多学科管理可有效治疗骨转移疾病(Ⅴ类证据B级推荐);放疗是局部骨痛的姑息性治疗选择(Ⅱ类证据B级推荐);单次与多次分割放疗对缓解骨痛同等有效(Ⅰ类证据A级推荐)。

双膦酸盐和地诺单抗抑制破骨细胞的活性,可延缓骨并发症的发生、缓解症状、改善患者的生活质量,已成为治疗骨转移的重要药物(Ⅰ类证据A级推荐);唑来膦酸是预防骨转移最有效的双膦酸盐,地诺单抗预防实体瘤的骨病变较唑来膦酸更有效(Ⅰ类证据B级推荐);骨靶向的治疗应在诊断骨转移病变时开始应用,在病程中维持治疗(Ⅲ类证据)。

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    2014-09-26 liuhuangbo
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    2014-05-15 zhang92560
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    2014-05-15 aids215
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