Cell:科学家发现治疗肌萎缩症的基因新靶点

2015-11-16 生物通 生物通

最近,巴西圣保罗大学生物科学学院(IB-USP)和美国哈佛大学等处的研究人员发现,一个叫Jagged1(简称JAG1)的基因,可能是开发杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD)疗法的一个靶标,DMD是一种遗传性疾病,特征是渐进性肌肉退化。相关研究结果发表在十一月十二日的《Cell》杂志。 这项研究是在人类基因组和干细胞研究中心(HUG-CELL)完成的,由圣保罗研究基金(FAPESP)资助。HUG-CELL主

最近,巴西圣保罗大学生物科学学院(IB-USP)和美国哈佛大学等处的研究人员发现,一个叫Jagged1(简称JAG1)的基因,可能是开发杜氏肌营养不良症(DMD)疗法的一个靶标,DMD是一种遗传性疾病,特征是渐进性肌肉退化。相关研究结果发表在十一月十二日的《Cell》杂志。

这项研究是在人类基因组和干细胞研究中心(HUG-CELL)完成的,由圣保罗研究基金(FAPESP)资助。HUG-CELL主任、IB-USP遗传学教授Mayana Zatz指出:“到目前为止,所有的基因疗法试验都靶定肌营养不良蛋白的编码基因,但很少有成功的。我们提出了一种不同的方法,开辟了一系列新的可能性。”

Zatz解释说,杜氏肌营养不良症主要影响男性,是最常见和发展最快的肌营养不良症。它是由一个基因突变(通常是遗传性的)引起的,这个基因编码肌营养不良蛋白(dystrophin)——对于肌肉健康必不可少的一个蛋白,DMD患者完全没有这个蛋白。

Zatz说:“肌营养不良蛋白可保持肌肉细胞周围膜的完整性。当这种蛋白质缺失时,膜就变得松弛,所以重要的蛋白质就泄漏到肌肉组织外面,进入血液。相反,应保持在外面的物质,如钙,能够进入。”

杜氏肌营养不良症患者的心脏、膈膜和骨骼肌都受到影响。行走和奔跑的困难,第一次出现在5至3岁之间的男孩身上。患者寿命通常局限于10到12岁。Zatz说:“没有特别的照顾,患者活不到20岁。如今,有了辅助呼吸,他们可能活到40岁或更久。”

在过去的15年中,HUG-CELL的研究人员进行了实验,以扩大我们对于DMD的认识。他们研究了一些动物,例如出生时就具有一个dystrophin基因突变的黄金猎犬,它们表现出类似人类DMD的临床情况。大多数营养不良的狗只存活了两年或更少的时间。

Zatz说:“前一段时间,我们发现有一只狗,完全缺乏肌营养不良蛋白,但是却表现出较温和形式的疾病。它存活了11年,被认为是这一猎犬品种的正常年龄,并留下一只遗传该突变的后代,现在九岁。”

这两条狗分别命名为Ringo和Suflair,成为该研究小组关注的焦点,研究人员在健康狗、有严重肌肉萎缩症的狗,和上面两只具有温和疾病形式的狗当中,比较了它们的基因表达。

研究人员发现了一些候选基因,并与哈佛大学医学院的Louis Kunkel教授及其团队、麻省理工学院布罗德研究所的Kerstin Lindblad-Toh教授合作,将结果与遗传数据结合起来。他们在Ringo和Suflair中确定了一个基因组区域,与良性的临床条件有关,并发现这个区域中的一个基因——JAG1的表达增加。这可以解释为什么它们有更良性的疾病形式。

为了确认JAG1表达的改变能够影响疾病的严重性,Vieira用斑马鱼模型进行了实验。斑马鱼(Danio rerio)与人类共有约70%的基因组。实验是在Kunkel教授的实验室进行的。Kunkel教授发现了dystrophin基因,目前是哈佛医学院的研究员。

Zatz说:“斑马鱼模型也具有一个肌营养不良蛋白基因突变。其结果是,它的肌肉是虚弱的,它不能移动。当我们在没有肌营养不良蛋白的斑马鱼中增加JAG1的表达时,我们发现,75%的动物没有表现出营养不良的表型。”超表达是通过将JAG1信使RNA注入胚胎而被诱导的。

原文出处:

Natassia M. Vieira, Ingegerd Elvers,et al.Jagged 1 Rescues the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Phenotype.cell.2015


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    2015-12-30 智智灵药
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    2015-11-18 lsndxfj
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    2015-11-16 lixh1719

    进入临床还早

    0

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