Int J Infect Dis:COVID-19危重患者出现肺真菌生态失调,念珠菌定植患者的微生物多样性减少

2022-02-17 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

冠状病毒是人类和动物的重要病原体。

背景:冠状病毒是人类和动物的重要病原体。2019年底,一种新型冠状病毒被确定为中国武汉肺炎爆发的病原体,随后在全球范围内蔓延。全球已有2.4亿多例新冠肺炎确诊病例,包括近500万人死亡。新冠肺炎危重患者可能会发展成急性呼吸窘迫综合征,需要住进重症监护病房和机械通气,这使他们容易受到细菌和真菌的双重感染。念珠菌是ICU中最常见的分离病原体之一,影响6%至10%的患者。侵袭性念珠菌病的死亡率估计为19-40%,ICU患者的死亡率甚至更高,接近70%。最近,据报道,在SARS-CoV-2阳性患者中检测到真菌的频率更高,其中白色念珠菌是最常见的分离酵母菌。此外,抗生素和皮质类固醇的广泛使用以及SARS CoV-2造成的损害,可能会使共生酵母菌侵入内脏,引起深度侵袭性感染。

目的:新冠肺炎大流行增加了人们对感染如何影响危重患者肺部微生物群并导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征的兴趣。我们的目标是比较新冠肺炎危重患者和新冠肺炎阴性患者下呼吸道真菌菌群的特征。

方法:采用Illumina MiSeq平台,对26例新冠肺炎阳性患者和26例非新冠肺炎肺炎患者的呼吸道标本进行内转录间隔区2(ITS2)基因分型。

结果:新冠肺炎阳性患者更容易被念珠菌定植。ARDS与肺部生物失调有关,其特征是向念珠菌菌种定植的转变和真菌多样性的减少。我们还观察到新冠肺炎+定植的患者在分类群之间有较高的细菌系统发育距离。在新冠肺炎阳性的非定植念珠菌患者中,ITS2扩增片段测序显示子囊菌未定植增加。1例曲霉菌阳性标本。然后,我们发现,在新冠肺炎+患者中,糖皮质激素治疗经常与曲霉菌半乳甘露聚糖细胞壁成分阳性相关。

图1 真菌微生物群的α多样性指数。小提琴曲线图显示有或无念珠菌感染的SARS-CoV-2阳性患者(n=24)α多样性指标的比较。定植(n=6)和n=18(n=18)。显示了带FDR校正的中位数、第一、第三四分位数、p值和异常值。

图2.OTU水平对新冠肺炎阳性念珠菌患者(n=24)的Bray-Curtis距离度量的主坐标分析(PCoA)。定殖(n=6,蓝点),无假丝酵母菌。定植(n=18,红点)。每个样本都用一个点表示。轴1解释了21.1%的变化,轴2解释了观察到的变化的12.4%。

图3。LDA LEfSE分析。该情节是通过Galaxy网络平台工具生成的,网址是https://huttenhower.sph.harvard.edu/galaxy/。条形列的长度表示LDA得分。图中为新冠肺炎阳性患者中寄生念珠菌(绿条)和未寄生念珠菌(红条)的微生物类群差异显著(LDA评分> 2)。

表1。COVID-19阴性(COVID-19-)和阳性(COVID-19+)患者的人口学和临床特征。

表2。COVID-19 +样本的人口学特征

结论:我们的研究证实,COVID-19+患者的ARDS与肺生态失调相关,未被念珠菌寄生的患者存在子囊菌密度增加。

原文出处: Viciani E,  Gaibani P,  Castagnetti A,et al.Critically ill patients with COVID-19 show lung fungal dysbiosis with reduced microbial diversity in Candida spp colonized patients.Int J Infect Dis 2022 Feb 09

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    2022-02-16 zhaojie88
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