Nature子刊:首次利用CRISPR/Cas9在体内成功切除HIV DNA片段

2016-05-21 佚名 生物谷 Bioon.com

在一项新的研究中,来自美国天普大学刘易斯-卡茨医学院的研究人员利用基因编辑技术首次成功地从活的动物基因组中切除HIV-1 DNA中的一段序列。这一突破是开发一种潜在地抵抗HIV感染的治疗策略的关键一步。


Kamel Khalili博士

作为一种RNA病毒,HIV是一种逆转录病毒。当感染人细胞(主要是CD4+ T细胞)时,它会将自身的RNA逆转录为DNA后插入到宿主基因组中以便进行复制和合成新的病毒颗粒。

在一项新的研究中,来自美国天普大学刘易斯-卡茨医学院的研究人员利用基因编辑技术首次成功地从活的动物基因组中切除HIV-1 DNA中的一段序列。这一突破是开发一种潜在地抵抗HIV感染的治疗策略的关键一步。相关研究结果发表在2016年5月19日那期Gene Therapy期刊上,论文标题为“Excision of HIV-1 DNA by gene editing: a proof-of-concept in vivo study”。 论文通信作者、天普大学刘易斯-卡茨医学院神经病毒学中心主任Kamel Khalili博士解释道,“在这项概念验证的研究中,我们证实我们的基因编辑技术能够高效地应用于两种小型模式动物的很多器官中,而且能够将HIV病毒DNA的较大片段从宿主细胞基因组中切除。”

当前的治疗HIV感染的方法集中于抗逆转录病毒药物的组合使用。尽管抗逆转录病毒药物疗法能够有效地抑制HIV复制,但是这不能够将HIV-1从被HIV感染的细胞中清除。再者,当抗逆转录病毒疗法停止时,HIV复制卷土重来,从而使得病人面临着患上获得性免疫综合征(AIDS,一种由HIV感染导致的疾病)的风险。这种潜伏性感染之所以产生是因为HIV DNA能够持续存在于CD4+记忆T细胞的基因组中和可能其他的细胞储存库中,在那里,HIV病毒保持潜伏状态,不受当前疗法的影响。

在早前的研究(Scientific Reports, doi:10.1038/srep22555)中,Khalili博士和同事们能够证实他们基于CRISPR/Cas9技术的新基因编辑系统在体外能够很好地从被感染的细胞中清除HIV-1,而且对宿主细胞没有任何副作用。在针对临床样品---包括来自HIV感染者的T细胞在实验室培养时增殖---的体外实验中,他们证实在经这种基因编辑系统治疗后,病毒复制显著降低(详细新闻报道参见:Nature子刊:利用CRISPR/Cas9清除人T细胞基因组中的HIV-1)。

这项最新研究的设计目的是专门测试这种基因编辑技术是否也能够清除转基因大鼠和小鼠体内的HIV-1,其中HIV DNA已被整合进这两种实验性转基因动物的每个器官每个细胞的基因组中。为了让这种基因编辑技术应用于活动物体内的细胞中,Khalili博士和同事们使用重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)载体运送系统。他们也对这种基因编辑系统进行基因改造以便能够切割整合到宿主细胞基因组中的HIV-1 DNA,从而导致病毒DNA片段从宿主基因组中切除。

在利用rAAV载体运送系统将 CRISPR/Cas-9分子运送到这两种转基因动物的血液中两周后,研究人员分析了从这些动物体内收集的组织中的HIV-1 DNA。分析结果证实在包括大脑、心脏、肾脏、肝脏、肺部和脾脏在内的每个组织中以及血细胞中,HIV-1 的特定DNA片段都被从病毒基因组中切除。在分析模式大鼠体内的病毒RNA时,研究人员证实这一策略显著地降低循环淋巴细胞和淋巴结中的HIV-1 RNA水平,这就表明病毒基因组片段切除显著地影响携带整合性病毒DNA的细胞中的HIV-1基因表达。

Khalili博士说,“这种rAAV运送系统进入含有HIV-1基因组的很多器官中并对病毒DNA进行基因编辑的能力是这种策略也能够克服潜在性HIV感染的细胞中的病毒再激活的重要指标。它充当着一种潜在地治疗HIV感染者的方法。”用于这项研究中的这种切除策略导致HIV-1 DNA的较大片段被切除,也就消除了在进行治疗时任何可复制性HIV病毒逃避事件出现的可能性。

这项新研究的临床影响是深远的。这种基因编辑平台本身可能能够根除病人体内的HIV-1 DNA,但是它也是高度灵活的,可能能够潜在地与现存的抗逆转录病毒药物组合使用从而进一步抑制病毒RNA复制。它可能也能够经改造后靶向作用于发生突变的HIV-1毒株。

Khalili博士注意到在未来几年,基于这种方法的临床试验可能会开展。与此同时,下一步就是在更大的动物群体中开展追踪研究,在这项追踪研究中,研究人员计划监控这种治疗方法的疗效、安全性和其他的重要指标。

原始出处:

Kaminski R, Bella R, Yin C, Otte J, Ferrante P, Gendelman HE, Li H, Booze R, Gordon J, Hu W, Khalili K.Excision of HIV-1 DNA by gene editing: a proof-of-concept in vivo study. Gene Ther. 2016 May 19. doi: 10.1038/gt.2016.41. [Epub ahead of print]

2016(第三届)基因编辑研讨会

会议时间:2016.06.25-2016.06.26     会议地点:上海

会议详情: http://www.bioon.com/z/2016geneediting/

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    2016-06-09 liye789132251
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    2016-05-23 yuandd
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    2016-05-23 respect
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    2016-05-23 yaanren

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