SCI TRANSL MED:进行性肌营养不良药物研究取得进展

2012-12-03 SCI TRANSL MED SCI TRANSL MED

       最近一项研究显示用于治疗勃起功能障碍和肺动脉高压的药物他达拉非还可纠正Becker型肌营养不良症(BMD)男性前臂活动时血流异常。发表在11月28日《科学转化医学》杂志的一项概念验证试点研究显示,他达拉非治疗可缓解功能性肌肉缺血,使一小部分BMD男性肌肉血流量恢复正常。        研究者称,“

       最近一项研究显示用于治疗勃起功能障碍和肺动脉高压的药物他达拉非还可纠正Becker型肌营养不良症(BMD)男性前臂活动时血流异常。发表在11月28日《科学转化医学》杂志的一项概念验证试点研究显示,他达拉非治疗可缓解功能性肌肉缺血,使一小部分BMD男性肌肉血流量恢复正常。

       研究者称,“ Becker和Duchenne肌营养不良症患者有没有特异性疗法,因此患者对新疗法非常渴望。但以双盲的方式,科学的评估这种药物非常重要”。该研究的研究者之一Victor博士说, “根据我们的研究,肌肉萎缩症患者可能会要求医生开据他达拉非药物,我对此比较关注。”他说:“我们尚未发现随时间发展的持续性影响。”然而,研究人员推测,使用该药物可减少肌肉损伤,而这可能会延缓BMD进程。

       BMD和更为普遍和严重的Duchenne进行性肌营养不良症(DMD)均为X-连锁疾病,均可影响细胞骨架蛋白抗肌营养不良蛋白。BMD患者寿命正常,但可发展为渐进性肌萎缩,许多患者发展为心肌病。抗肌营养不良蛋白可将其他蛋白固定在肌膜上。其中包括神经元型一氧化氮合酶抑制剂亚型(nNOSμ)肌特异性剪接变异型,该变异型可预防肌肉运动损伤和疲劳。

       在正常的运动过程中,可通过一种称之为功能性交感神经血管收缩的适应性反应,来计数器局部α-肾上腺素能血管收缩,用于对运动的骨骼肌进行血流灌注。但是,DMD和BMD中残余的nNOSμ可能在细胞质中,而不是肌膜。研究人员推测这种药物可能会动员细胞质中的nNOSμ从而发挥作用。他达拉非和西地那非(万艾可,辉瑞公司)均可抑制磷酸二酯酶5,而磷酸二酯酶5可分解3',5'环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)----血管平滑肌下游一氧化氮靶点。这些药物可延长cGMP半衰期,可补偿 nNOSμ的不足或错置。

       研究人员进行进行了2项实验。首先,进行了一项病例对照研究,对10例BMD患者以及7例严重程度匹配对照的年龄,BMI,血压,心率,左室射血分数进行比较。试者使用测力计进行了轻度节奏性握力试验,并进行下体负压(LBNP)(一种强化心血管系统技术)测试。下体负压是指将下肢置于一个负压仓内,模拟轻度体位压力,从而引起交感神经血管收缩反射性增加。研究人员利用近红外光谱技术测量前臂肌肉氧合血红蛋白(Hb)和肌红蛋白(Mb)的下降。

       休息时,病例组和对照组的前臂肌氧含量相同。LBNP且前臂运动时,对照组肌氧含量下降变缓,但BMD患者则未变缓,这提示该疾病存在肌肉缺血。

       接下来,在一项双盲,随机,安慰剂对照交叉试验中,每名患者一次口服20mg的他达拉非或安慰剂,2周洗脱期后,服用与上次不同的另一种药。然后,研究人员对每次治疗后的交感神经血管收缩进行评估。他们发现9例BMD患者中8例使用他达拉非后,交感神经血管收缩恢复正常。

       具体来说,LBNP时,该药物可降低BMD患者肌氧含量52%±12%(HbO2 + MbO2 变化,休息时-17%±2%,握力试验时-9%±2%;P <0.01)。未发生不良反应。

       研究人员得出结论称,这项研究表明,运动时nNOSμ对肌膜的限制对交感神经血管收缩而言非常重要,具有实用意义。

       Victor博士说:“研究结果能转化为具有临床意义的疗效吗?该药物能减缓病程吗?这是一个关键的问题。这就是我们接下来要努力的方向。”他补充说,研究结果也可延伸到更广泛的患者人群,其中可能包括肢带型肌营养不良或肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症早期患者。

       这项研究的局限性包括病例对照研究中缺乏BMD对照;排除心肌病患者,这些患者均可能对某些突变具有选择性;仅进行了一个剂量评估以及仅检测了前臂的反应。

       肌肉萎缩协会研究副主管Sanjay Bidichandani博士说,这项研究,进一步支持FDA批准的PDE5A抑制剂(如他达拉非和西地那非作为BMD治疗药物)的使用。Bidichandani 博士说,“这些结果令人鼓舞,并表明还需进行更大规模的试验来评估对BMD肌肉力量及疾病进展的临床作用。”




Abstract
Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a progressive X-linked muscle wasting disease for which there is no treatment. Like Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), BMD is caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin, a structural cytoskeletal protein that also targets other proteins to the muscle sarcolemma. Among these is neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOSμ), which requires certain spectrin-like repeats in dystrophin’s rod domain and the adaptor protein α-syntrophin to be targeted to the sarcolemma. When healthy skeletal muscle is subjected to exercise, sarcolemmal nNOSμ-derived NO attenuates local α-adrenergic vasoconstriction, thereby optimizing perfusion of muscle. We found previously that this protective mechanism is defective—causing functional muscle ischemia—in dystrophin-deficient muscles of the mdx mouse (a model of DMD) and of children with DMD, in whom nNOSμ is mislocalized to the cytosol instead of the sarcolemma. We report that this protective mechanism also is defective in men with BMD in whom the most common dystrophin mutations disrupt sarcolemmal targeting of nNOSμ. In these men, the vasoconstrictor response, measured as a decrease in muscle oxygenation, to reflex sympathetic activation is not appropriately attenuated during exercise of the dystrophic muscles. In a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial, we show that functional muscle ischemia is alleviated and normal blood flow regulation is fully restored in the muscles of men with BMD by boosting NO-cGMP (guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate) signaling with a single dose of the drug tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase 5A inhibitor. These results further support an essential role for sarcolemmal nNOSμ in the normal modulation of sympathetic vasoconstriction in exercising human skeletal muscle and implicate the NO-cGMP pathway as a putative new target for treating BMD.

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    2013-08-08 bsmagic9140
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