Nature子刊:突破性光疗法直击“深处”肿瘤

2015-03-13 佚名 生物探索

一直以来,光疗法都被用于治疗癌症,但是该疗法有一个缺陷,它只对那些光容易到达的组织起作用,比如皮肤等。然而,3月9日发表在Nature Nanotechnology杂志上的一项研究中,来自华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员运用小鼠癌症模型设计出一种新型光疗法可以直击身体“深处”的肿瘤。在这项研究中,科学家们可将光直接投递到肿瘤细胞上,协同自由基光敏材料(可以被光激活)摧毁癌细胞。华盛顿大学的生物

一直以来,光疗法都被用于治疗癌症,但是该疗法有一个缺陷,它只对那些光容易到达的组织起作用,比如皮肤等。然而,3月9日发表在Nature Nanotechnology杂志上的一项研究中,来自华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员运用小鼠癌症模型设计出一种新型光疗法可以直击身体“深处”的肿瘤。

在这项研究中,科学家们可将光直接投递到肿瘤细胞上,协同自由基光敏材料(可以被光激活)摧毁癌细胞。

华盛顿大学的生物医学工程教授Samuel Achilefu说:“光疗法疗效很好,几乎没有副作用。但是一直不能用于深处的肿瘤或转移性的肿瘤。简单来说,光疗法是通过光刺激感光材料,产生可以诱导细胞死亡的自由基。但是该疗法只有在光和氧气存在的情况下才能发挥很好的效果。这也是限制光疗法发展的最大的阻碍。”

研究人员利用的光源依赖于一种叫切伦科夫辐射(Cherenkov radiation)的现象。该现象在1934年由Pavel Cerenkov发现,他也因此获得了1958年的诺贝尔物理学奖。切伦科夫辐射是介质中运动的电荷速度超过该介质中光速时发出的一种以短波长为主的电磁辐射,其特征是蓝色辉光。该现象在医生用于诊断癌症的正电子发射计算机断层扫描(positron emission tomography ,PET)中也会产生。


Achilefu和第一作者Nalinikanth Kotagiri一直专注于一种叫FDG-PET的成像技术的研究。使用这项技术时,患者在进行PET扫描前会先静脉注射一种叫氟脱氧葡萄糖(fluorodeoxyglucose ,FDG)的放射性标记糖分子。肿瘤会摄取糖分子来支持它们快速生长,从而放射性的氟会让肿瘤在PET扫描时发出光,不管肿瘤在身体的哪个部位。

这样看来,FDG的加入达到了两个目的:第一,是维持成像剂的角色;第二,为光疗法提供光源。

Achilefu说:“既然FDG可以为我们提供光源,接下来的工作就是寻找一种在光刺激下可产生的有毒物质的材料。”在经过大量的筛选后,研究人员选择了由二氧化钛组成的纳米粒子。当接触光时,二氧化钛可在不需要氧气的条件下产生自由基。为了确自由基能否增加纳米粒子的效能,研究人员在纳米材料的表面添加了一种叫环戊二烯钛(titanocene)的药物。

Achilefu说:“Titanocene已作为化疗药物进入2期临床试验。它被证明是安全的,但是治疗效果不如安慰剂。它还有一个特点是可与低强度的光反应,产生自由基。因此,我们决定试试它能不能作为光疗法的药物发挥抗癌作用。”

研究人员在携带人肺部肿瘤和纤维肉瘤的小鼠模型中测试了不同的纳米粒子、Titanocene以及FDG光源的组合:FDG+纳米粒子、FDG+Titanocene以及FDG+纳米粒子+Titanocene。结果发现,FDG+纳米粒子+Titanocene组具有最显著的抗癌效果。治疗15天后,该组小鼠的肿瘤与未治理组相比小了8倍。

FDG+纳米粒子组的小鼠比未处理组小鼠(活15天)多活了15天。FDG+Titanocene组的小鼠也同样拥有30天的生存期。相比之下,FDG+纳米粒子+Titanocene组的小鼠生存期延长到了50天。

Achilefu说:“暴露在光源下,二氧化钛纳米颗粒就能够杀死癌细胞,但是添加了Titanocene后明显增加了治疗效果。它们可以产生不同种类的自由基。在我们的方法中,Titanocene的使用剂量也远远低于作为化疗药物使用的剂量。”

Kotagiri补充说:“该疗法的副作用应该是最小的。它用到的光、光感材料都是针对肿瘤的。该材料只有在光源存在的情况下才会有毒性,而光源又只存在于肿瘤部位。”目前,该研究小组正在计划一个小型的临床试验对该组合疗法的效果进行进一步的验证。

原始出处:

Julia Evangelou Strait.Innovative light therapy reaches deep tumors.Nature Nanotechnology.March 9, 2015.

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    2015-05-25 俅侠
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    2015-05-03 liye789132251
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    2015-03-15 fusion
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    2015-03-14 lyrichen

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1747887, encodeId=1dbc1e47887ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77d62883411' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#光疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28834, encryptionId=77d62883411, topicName=光疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cb1d35982112, createdName=俅侠, createdTime=Mon May 25 23:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880546, encodeId=644418805466a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sun May 03 07:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1591677, encodeId=a00215916e7f6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=409d28835d6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#光疗法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28835, encryptionId=409d28835d6, topicName=光疗法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=477c17977507, createdName=fusion, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 06:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18278, encodeId=3aa6182e8b6, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=lyrichen, createdTime=Sat Mar 14 09:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18237, encodeId=94a81823ebb, content=创造性的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Fri Mar 13 17:58:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-13 lovetcm

    创造性的

    0