Lancet:奥司他韦有效缓解流感症状

2015-05-06 徐媛媛 MedSci原创

尽管感奥司他韦广泛使用于成人流感,但关于奥司他韦治疗流感的功效仍然存有异议。本研究纳入使用奥司他韦之治疗成人季节性流感的临床试验,并且从症状缓解、并发症的发生和安全性方面进行了比较。 该研究纳入了罗氏赞助的所有发表和未发表的成人服用奥司他韦(75mg,每日两次)的随机对照双盲试验,在收纳的试验中,奥司他韦治疗成人流感疾病报告中至少有一个研究结果是合格的。研究人员通过检索Medline, PubMe

尽管感奥司他韦广泛使用于成人流感,但关于奥司他韦治疗流感的功效仍然存有异议。本研究纳入使用奥司他韦之治疗成人季节性流感的临床试验,并且从症状缓解、并发症的发生和安全性方面进行了比较。

该研究纳入了罗氏赞助的所有发表和未发表的成人服用奥司他韦(75mg,每日两次)的随机对照双盲试验,在收纳的试验中,奥司他韦治疗成人流感疾病报告中至少有一个研究结果是合格的。研究人员通过检索Medline, PubMed,Embase以及Cochrane数据库搜索了2014年1月1日以前发表的相关临床试验(最近一次检索是在2014年11月27日)。主要结局是所有症状缓解的时间。利用风险比(risk ratios )和Mantel-Haenszel方法计算并发症,住院情况和安全性。

纳入9项临床试验,其中包括4328名患者。在意向性治疗感染人群中,与对照组相比,奥司他韦组症状得到缓解的时间缩短了了21%(时间比,0.79;95%CI,0.74-0.85;p<0.0001)。奥司他韦组症状缓解的平均时间为97.5h,对照组为122.7h(差异-25.2h,95%CI,-36.2 to -16.0)。对于意向性治疗的患者,估计的治疗疗效减弱(时间比0.85),但差异仍比较显著(平均差异-17.8h)。在意向性治疗感染人群中,随机分组超过48小时后,奥司他韦组需要抗生素治疗的下呼吸道并发症更少(风险比[RR] 0·56, 95% CI 0·42-0·75; p=0·00014.9%奥司他韦 vs 8.7%安慰剂),全因入院率也降低(RR,0.37;95%CI,0.17-081;p=0.013;0.6%奥司他韦 vs 1.7%安慰剂)。考虑到安全,奥司他韦增加恶心(RR 1.60 95% CI,1.29-1.99;p<0.0001;9.9%奥司他韦 vs 6.2%安慰剂)和呕吐(RR 2·43, 95% CI 1·83-3·23; p<0·0001;8.0% 奥司他韦 vs 3.3%安慰剂)发生风险。 未发现神经、精神疾病或严重不良事件。

以上结果表明,成人流感患者服用奥司他韦可加快症状缓解,降低下呼吸道并发症和入院风险,但是会增加恶心和呕吐发生率。

原始出处

Dobson J1, Whitley RJ2, Pocock S1, Monto AS3.Oseltamivir treatment for influenza in adults: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Lancet. 2015 Jan 30

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    2015-06-28 howi
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828090, encodeId=d7c7182809012, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sun Jun 28 19:04:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22814, encodeId=fba32281412, content=看过了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3yz0JbjHQ7nicJU7lHMOu0Itf3Zv3VBzEvK3k4AFPBXhiaxIRNGVI33GicoRXQEjkaasjdlWKwZuwcyhDP9Jibqt5ct/0, createdBy=f1281613275, createdName=zhouanxiu, createdTime=Wed May 06 20:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22787, encodeId=041b22e87f5, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=116, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Wed May 06 19:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22718, encodeId=602222e182d, content=争议又来了,到底有效还是无效?看来得大型研究来证实了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Wed May 06 10:40:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-05-06 zhouanxiu

    看过了

    0

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    2015-05-06 huaxipanxing

    看看

    0

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    2015-05-06 lovetcm

    争议又来了,到底有效还是无效?看来得大型研究来证实了。

    0

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2012年12月21日,美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)扩大了奥司他韦(oseltamivir)适应证,扩大后的适应证包括治疗流感症状不超过2天的婴儿(月龄2周)。但该药未获准用于预防2周的婴儿流感,尚未确定奥司他韦治疗这类人群流感的安全性和有效性。 虽然1岁以上的儿童可根据体重分类应用固定剂量的奥司他韦,但1岁以内的儿童必须根据其确切体重进行适当的治疗。这些儿童用奥司他韦剂量应为3