Nature子刊:肥胖与吸烟,哪个更要命?中青年人和老年人不一样!

2021-04-01 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

目前,肥胖已经反超吸烟导致更多中老年人的死亡。但是,对于中青年人,吸烟仍是死亡的主要原因。

2004年,世界卫生组织数据显示,吸烟是所有高收入国家排名第一的风险因素,占所有死亡的18%,主要影响肺癌和血管疾病。相比之下,肥胖症排名第三,占8%,影响的是心血管疾病和糖尿病

吸烟一直是发达国家公共健康的主要威胁。因此,将吸烟一直作为公共卫生干预措施的主要目标是理所应当的。近年来,我国也制定了多项禁烟政策,包括禁止在室内/工作场所吸烟等等。这些公共卫生干预措施确实使得吸烟人数在持续减少。

与其他国家一样,英国的吸烟率已经下降;从2005年的24%到2017年的17%。然而与此同时,肥胖率却从23%上升到29%。虽然吸烟仍然是癌症的最大元凶——2015年所有新癌症中有15%是由吸烟引起的,相比之下有6%是由肥胖引起的——但就其对包括肠、肾、卵巢和肝脏在内的多种特定癌症的影响而言,肥胖现在超过了吸烟。

此外,近年来,高收入国家心血管死亡率的长期下降已经放缓,甚至可能又开始上升,因此肥胖的日益流行被认为是一个重要原因。那么在整个社会或特定人群中,肥胖现在是否比吸烟导致更多的死亡呢?

为此,来自英国格拉斯哥大学的专家对此开展了相关的研究。结果发表在Springer Nature旗下的开放获取期刊品牌BMC Public Health杂志上。

这是一项使用2003-2017年间英国健康调查和苏格兰健康调查数据的比较风险评估研究。超重、肥胖、当前和以前吸烟的年流行率使用基于人口的权重获得。通过最近发表的荟萃分析得到相应的全因死亡率的性别特异性风险比,然后估计各年的人口归属分数。

结果显示,总体而言,目前/以前吸烟导致的死亡从2003年的23.1% (95%CI,20.6-25.8%)下降到2017年的19.4% (95%CI,17.3-21.6%),而肥胖(超重或肥胖)导致的死亡从2003年的17.9% (95%CI,17.3-18.4%)上升到2017年的23.1% (95%CI,22.3-23.8%)。

其中,2013年,肥胖对死亡率的贡献开始反超吸烟,且在校正了年龄、性别和受教育程度后趋势仍然不便。但男性(2011年)的交叉点发生早于女性(2014年)。相应的,年龄超过65岁的人交叉点出现在2006年,而年龄在45-64岁的人则出现在2012年。

但是,值得注意的是,虽然差异在急剧缩小,但45岁以下的中青年人中,吸烟仍然是死亡率的主要原因。2003年,吸烟导致的死亡比肥胖多10.7%,但到了2017年,这一比例下降到2.4%。这种趋势在16岁以后离开学校的人中更明显。

综上,英国15年的数据提示我们,目前,肥胖已经反超吸烟导致更多中老年人的死亡。但是,对于中青年人,吸烟仍是死亡的主要原因。

 

参考文献:

Ho FK, et al. Changes over 15 years in the contribution of adiposity and smoking to deaths in England and Scotland. BMC Public Health. 2021 Feb 11;21(1):169. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10167-3.

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    2022-01-20 liye789132251
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    2021-12-22 zll0625
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    2021-04-03 MedSciZeng

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885079, encodeId=dd7b18850e90c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=17, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Jan 20 12:14:31 CST 2022, time=2022-01-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1916817, encodeId=a916191681eb1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f24198994a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#青年人#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98994, encryptionId=f24198994a6, topicName=青年人)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=284b425, createdName=zll0625, createdTime=Wed Dec 22 05:14:31 CST 2021, time=2021-12-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=953425, encodeId=db3e9534250d, content=留言时带有<a href='/topic/show?id=0d6983044bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'><a href='/topic/show?id=0d6983044bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤科#</a></a> 加入肿瘤科圈子,点击<a href='/topic/show?id=0d6983044bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'><a href='/topic/show?id=0d6983044bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤科#</a></a>查看更多肿瘤科精华帖, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=100, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83044, encryptionId=0d6983044bf, topicName=肿瘤科)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20221103/2796e00c9b4549e3b313ed9e7accc68f/b52d6d98bbe04782b5a4e2dd1ee80be2.jpeg, createdBy=078e1614372, createdName=MedSciZeng, createdTime=Sat Apr 03 00:03:21 CST 2021, time=2021-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1596197, encodeId=7b01159619ebc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6e342260237' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中青年#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22602, encryptionId=6e342260237, topicName=中青年)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=docwu2019, createdTime=Sat Apr 03 04:14:31 CST 2021, time=2021-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=953104, encodeId=739f953104ac, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Thu Apr 01 16:18:11 CST 2021, time=2021-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2021-04-01 jyzxjiangqin

    好文章!

    0

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【热点分享】儿童和青少年超重/肥胖的医学营养治疗:EASO和EFAD联合立场声明的解读

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减重高达25.5%!JAMA子刊:3大策略,助力减肥更显著、更持久

《医学新视点》对主要的策略(包括生活方式干预、抗肥胖药物治疗、代谢和减肥手术)进行了介绍。

Nature子刊:熬夜加班,代谢崩溃!中南大学揭示了轮班导致肥胖和代谢紊乱的关键原因

该研究确定了轮班引起的昼夜节律紊乱和肥胖机制,进一步揭示了缓解轮班工人代谢紊乱的潜在治疗靶点,从而为轮班工人提供更好的健康指导。

Nature:当停用肥胖治疗药物后会发生什么?

停药后,许多患者体重迅速恢复,显示出身体努力恢复到其自然重量点的趋势,这一现象被肥胖专家Arya Sharma形容为“紧绷的橡皮筋”效应。

Genes & Diseases:Junli Liu/Yibing Wang教授团队总结肝因子在肥胖中的作用及其潜在的治疗意义

文章总结了肝因子在肥胖症中的作用及其在治疗干预中的潜在意义。

Nat Metab:难怪减肥这么难!肥胖让你的线粒体碎成渣,加速脂肪堆积

该研究证明,高脂肪饮食(HFD)喂养导致雄性小鼠腹股沟白色脂肪细胞线粒体断裂,导致氧化能力降低,这一过程依赖于小GTPase RalA。