简易定向、锥颅脑内血肿碎吸术

2016-03-14 www.windrug.com www.windrug.com

简易定向、锥颅脑内血肿碎吸术 常夫开颅术式对高血压、年老体衰、合并症多的病人手术负担相对较重,死亡率亦高(20%~80%不等),手术适应证较为严格。简易定向血肿碎吸术可减轻病人负担,是作者近年来简化和发展了立体定向吸引治疗高血压脑出血的一种术式。 [适应证] 由于本术式简易,适用于年老体衰、多合并症患者,尤其适用于丘脑等深部血肿,也可用于其他类型的血肿。和开颅术比较无论在病期、血肿量、出血部

简易定向、锥颅脑内血肿碎吸术

常夫开颅术式对高血压、年老体衰、合并症多的病人手术负担相对较重,死亡率亦高(20%~80%不等),手术适应证较为严格。简易定向血肿碎吸术可减轻病人负担,是作者近年来简化和发展了立体定向吸引治疗高血压脑出血的一种术式。

[适应证]

由于本术式简易,适用于年老体衰、多合并症患者,尤其适用于丘脑等深部血肿,也可用于其他类型的血肿。和开颅术比较无论在病期、血肿量、出血部位及年龄条件上均可较大地扩大手术适应证。但对已有脑疝形成或Ⅳ级的病人,如需术后去骨片减压者仍以开颅血肿清除为宜。对Ⅴ级病人如家属要求也可试用本法,待好转为Ⅳ或Ⅲ级再酌情进一步开颅手术,如无好转则放弃手术。

[术前准备]

剃发,可不必备血。

[麻醉]

局麻。

[手术步骤]

1.准备简易筛板定位尺、量角器式定向尺、有槽手锥及颅内血肿碎吸器。

⑴筛板式定位尺 ⑵量角器式导向尺的弧尺及中直尺

2.按CT片O-M线上各层面血肿前后缘的cm数,将血肿图形移植到定位尺的筛板上[图 ⑴],然后将筛板框架放于患侧头颅的额颞部,此时筛板下缘要对准O-M线,额侧纵向对准矢状线,之后即可将筛板上的血肿图形转画到患者头皮上。血肿穿刺点一般选择血肿中心至头皮的垂直最短距离处,但如该处脑皮质有血管或重要脑中枢,则用量角器式导向尺改造穿刺点及方向[图⑵],方法为:将导向尺的中直尺对准血肿中心距头皮的垂直最短距离线,并缩回与此线相同的cm数,此时血肿中心即落在导向尺的弧尺的圆心上,在此弧尺上的任一点及方向均可刺中血肿中心。

⑶有槽手锥 ⑷碎吸器管及螺旋形绞丝
图 简易定向锥颅,脑内血肿碎吸器

3.穿刺点头皮常规消毒,局麻,用有槽手锥[图 ⑶]锥颅,如有阻力减低或落实感即停钻。先用针芯圆钝的脑针在手锥槽沟中按CT深度试穿,证实刺入血肿后再经槽沟置入或导入碎吸器管[图 ⑷]至同样深度之后,退出管芯,安装螺旋绞丝至碎吸器管中,即可开始边打碎边吸除血块的操作。

 

[术中注意事项]

1.术中负压要控制在0.03~0.035kPa以减少周围正常脑组织损伤。

2.操作中要点吸或间断吸引,避免持续吸引。

3.术中要密切观察吸出的标本是陈旧性血抑或新鲜血或脑组织。

4.操作中吸管可适度活动,但要保证在血肿腔内操作,不能超过预定深度或头皮标志的血肿范围,以防损伤周围正常脑组织。

5.当吸出的陈旧血为CT片上测算的血肿量70%左右时,即应停止吸引,退出碎吸器管,埋入硅胶管行术后引流。也可配合注入尿激酶溶解引流残血。

[术后处理]

1.主要为注意再出血的发生,如症状加重,要及时复查CT,如有再出血,或二次吸引或开颅血肿清除。

2.引流管加强无菌操作及使用抗生素。

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    2016-12-18 liao1632
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1768995, encodeId=083d1e689957a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d7674593e05' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#定向#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45937, encryptionId=d7674593e05, topicName=定向)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=920637977772, createdName=liao1632, createdTime=Sun Dec 18 10:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87574, encodeId=02778e57408, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87575, encodeId=0b7b8e57595, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72049, encodeId=5804e20496e, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 22:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1394902, encodeId=7ec0139490290, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be548989e09' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血肿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89897, encryptionId=be548989e09, topicName=血肿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=85df2500173, createdName=654699882_84926986, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-30 lsblb

    不错的文章

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    2016-05-30 lsblb

    不错的文章

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1768995, encodeId=083d1e689957a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d7674593e05' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#定向#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45937, encryptionId=d7674593e05, topicName=定向)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=920637977772, createdName=liao1632, createdTime=Sun Dec 18 10:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87574, encodeId=02778e57408, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87575, encodeId=0b7b8e57595, content=不错的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 17:24:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72049, encodeId=5804e20496e, content=牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7cde98330, createdName=milkshark, createdTime=Sun Mar 20 22:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1394902, encodeId=7ec0139490290, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be548989e09' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血肿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89897, encryptionId=be548989e09, topicName=血肿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=85df2500173, createdName=654699882_84926986, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-20 milkshark

    0

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