CELL:两组分加标纳米颗粒疫苗可保护猕猴免受SARS-CoV-2感染

2021-01-26 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

SARS-CoV-2特异性中和抗体(NAb)滴度是产生保护作用的重要免疫相关因子,强效中和的SARS-CoV-2特异性单克隆抗体(mAbs)可以显着降低肺部病毒载量。

    SARS-CoV-2特异性中和抗体(NAb)滴度是产生保护作用的重要免疫相关因子,强效中和的SARS-CoV-2特异性单克隆抗体(mAbs)可以显着降低肺部病毒载量。

    自2019年底以来,SARS-CoV-2迅速在全球传播并感染了超过4600万人。 SARS-CoV-2引起的新冠肺炎COVID-19),大多数感染者患有轻度呼吸道疾病,但也有相当多的病例出现了急性呼吸窘迫综合征和死亡。 截至2020年10月,COVID-19已造成超过100万人员伤亡,并继续给全球医疗系统和经济造成沉重负担。 因此,开发能够预防SARS-CoV-2感染和传播的安全有效的疫苗已迅速成为当务之急。Brouwer, P.J.M.等研究人员于近日提出了一种基于两组分蛋白质的纳米颗粒疫苗,该疫苗可展示出SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白的多个副本。


    最近的研究表明,SARS-CoV-2特异性中和抗体(NAb)滴度是产生保护作用的重要免疫相关因子,强效中和的SARS-CoV-2特异性单克隆抗体(mAbs)可以显著降低肺部病毒载量。 因此,成功的疫苗可能需要诱导有效的NAb应答。 SARS-CoV-2上NAb的主要靶标是刺突(S)蛋白。 该同源三聚体糖蛋白锚定在病毒膜中,由包含宿主细胞受体血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)的受体结合域(RBD)的S1域和包含融合肽的S2域组成。 与ACE2结合后,融合前S蛋白会发生一些结构变化,经诱导转变为融合后状态,从而使病毒包膜和宿主细胞膜融合。 由于大多数NAb表位都在融合前构象上显示,因此候选疫苗应包括融合前S蛋白。


    数据显示,这种疫苗可在小鼠、兔子和食蟹猕猴体内诱导出有效的中和抗体反应。 疫苗诱导的免疫力保护猕猴免受高剂量病毒攻击,从而大大减少了病毒感染以及上、下呼吸道内的病毒复制。 从目前的结果来看,这种纳米粒子疫苗是能够减少新冠肺炎大流行的有力候选者。


    但作者也指出,尽管三种免疫接种均可以诱导针对大剂量SARS-CoV-2攻击的保护性免疫,但仍存在着一些应用和效果上的局限性。 首先,我们在最终免疫后两周挑战猕猴模型,这使得其无法确定疫苗在SARS-CoV-2延迟暴露的情况下是否同样有效。 第二,方案包括三针免疫接种,即比目前正在使用或正在考虑的疫苗多进行一次免疫接种。 尽管他们在两次免疫后观察到了强效的NAb应答,但无法就两次免疫后的保护功效得出明确的结论。 最后,近几个月来,出现了新型SARS-CoV-2菌株,它们可能具有逃避中和抗体反应的潜力。 这种疫苗是否能够预防这些突变体,仍值得进一步研究。

Brouwer, P.J.M., Brinkkemper, M., Maisonnasse, P., Dereuddre-Bosquet, N.Two-component spike nanoparticle vaccine protects macaques from SARS-CoV-2 infection, Cell (2021), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.035.

原文链接:https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00078-7

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    2021-09-06 hukaixun
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    2021-03-07 维他命
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    2021-01-28 小刀医生
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