STM:利用体液筛查头颈部癌症可行

2015-06-29 佚名 Ebiotrade

约翰•霍普金斯大学领导的研究小组近日在Science Translational Medicine杂志上发表文章,认为通过分析血液和唾液样本中的DNA来发现早期、晚期和复发的头颈部癌症是可行的。研究人员以90多名头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)患者为研究对象,检测了他们的血液和/或唾液样本,以寻找体细胞突变或人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)序列。对于同时提供血液和唾液样本的患者,他们在96%的病例中追踪到

约翰•霍普金斯大学领导的研究小组近日在Science Translational Medicine杂志上发表文章,认为通过分析血液和唾液样本中的DNA来发现早期、晚期和复发的头颈部癌症是可行的。

研究人员以90多名头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)患者为研究对象,检测了他们的血液和/或唾液样本,以寻找体细胞突变或人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)序列。对于同时提供血液和唾液样本的患者,他们在96%的病例中追踪到体液中的肿瘤标志物。


这项原理论证分析的结果表明,唾液可能是头颈部癌症中一个特别有用的肿瘤DNA来源,同时在寻找喉部、口咽部或下咽部的肿瘤时,血液样本中的循环肿瘤DNA往往能提供更多的信息。

约翰•霍普金斯大学的遗传学和耳鼻喉科研究人员Nishant Agrawal是这篇文章的通讯作者之一是。他认为:“根据这项研究,同时分析唾液和血液样本无疑是更好的选择。未来需要进一步研究,来确定在哪种情况下使用哪种体液。”

Agrawal及其同事相信,检测唾液和血液中肿瘤相关突变的能力最终能追踪治疗反应、监控复发,甚至开展初步筛查。无论是一般人群,还是高危人群,这种方法都适用。

尽管目前的研究致力于寻找已确诊肿瘤中存在的突变,但Agrawal指出,通过测序血液、唾液或替他体液中的DNA,以寻找与各种癌症相关联的基因突变,也有可能发现新的癌症病例。

“这项研究是鉴定原发性肿瘤中的HPV或体细胞突变,”他谈道。“但是,我们已经开发出一种集合,包括HPV、TP53及其他一些基因,这将覆盖95%的头颈部癌症。因此,没有必要对原发性肿瘤进行测序。”

头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC),是世界上第六大高发癌症。尽管这种疾病的手术治疗、放射疗法和化学疗法都有了明显的改善,但是,在过去20年中,这种疾病的总存活率并没有明显的提高。
研究小组指出,美国口腔疾病的发病率已呈下降趋势,这反映了吸烟的热度下降。不过,在同一时间内,来源于其他头颈部位置的HPV阳性肿瘤的发病率正在上升,特别是舌根处的肿瘤。

在这项研究中,研究人员着手研究是否能够从血液和唾液中获取这些肿瘤的DNA。这也是近期的研究热点。人们搜索并检查各种体液中的循环肿瘤DNA。

为了实现这一点,他们采集了93名HNSCC患者(其中73名是晚期患者)的肿瘤样本,搜索体细胞突变或HPV序列。在这项病例中,不到一半的肿瘤来自口腔,而34名患者有口咽部肿瘤。10名患者有喉部肿瘤,而3名患者的肿瘤来自下咽部。

Agrawal解释道,在HPV状态和靶向体细胞突变检测之间,追踪至少一种肿瘤特异性的标志物还是相对简单的。

只有5个病例需要低覆盖度的全基因组肿瘤测序。另外30个肿瘤包含HPV16序列,可以通过PCR轻松鉴定,还有58个肿瘤携带体细胞突变,可以通过对HNSCC相关基因(如TP53、NRAS和PIK3CA)的靶向测序而发现。

有了这些肿瘤标志物,研究人员就利用数字PCR来寻找所有患者唾液样本中的HPV序列,或利用另外一种称为Safe-Sequencing System(Safe-SeqS)的PCR方法来寻找肿瘤特异的体细胞突变。他们在76%的唾液样本中发现了肿瘤DNA。

相比之下,发现肿瘤DNA的血液样本的比例要略高一些。对于47名提供血浆的HNSCC患者,研究人员在87%的血液样本中发现了肿瘤DNA。

不过在综合考虑这47名患者的血液和唾液样本时,研究人员发现肿瘤DNA的比例上升到96%。
对于涉及到口腔肿瘤的所有46个病例,唾液样本提供了含有肿瘤标志物的DNA,不过对于其他部位的肿瘤,检测比例不足70%。对于来源于喉部、口咽部或下咽部的HNSCC肿瘤,血液似乎是更可靠的循环肿瘤DNA的来源。

Agrawal指出,这些结果可能反映了采集唾液样本所用的方法。不过,如果在采集唾液样本时要求人们漱口,而不仅仅是简单清洗一下,是否能够更好地检测其他部位的肿瘤呢?这还有待观察。Agrawal及其同事正在研究这一点,以便提高检测的灵敏度。

研究小组还计划在更大的群体中验证这种方法,以便进一步评估其性能,确定检测的适应症,并弄清可能引起假阳性的因素。例如,Agrawal表示,研究人员仍需要弄清楚健康人携带HPV可能对这种筛查方法有何影响,如果有的话。

原始出处:

Wang Y1, Springer S1, Mulvey CL2, Silliman N1, Schaefer J1, Sausen M3, James N1, Rettig EM2, Guo T2, Pickering CR4, Bishop JA5, Chung CH6, Califano JA7, Eisele DW2, Fakhry C7, Gourin CG2, Ha PK7, Kang H6, Kiess A8, Koch WM2, Myers JN4, Quon H8, Richmon JD2, Sidransky D2, Tufano RP2, Westra WH5, Bettegowda C9, Diaz LA Jr1, Papadopoulos N1, Kinzler KW1, Vogelstein B10, Agrawal N11.Detection of somatic mutations and HPV in the saliva and plasma of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.Sci Transl Med. 2015 Jun 24;7(293):293ra104. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa8507.

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    2016-03-10 gdsun
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    2015-07-04 huaxipanxing

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    2015-07-01 wshxjq
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