FICC 2014:慢性下肢静脉疾病诊断与治疗中国专家共识

2014-04-15 小田 整理 医学论坛网

第八届北京五洲国际心血管病会议(FICC 2014)的的医学大家论坛上,首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院吴庆华教授阐述了最新版由中华医学会外科分会血管外科学组制定的《慢性下肢静脉疾病诊断与治疗中国专家共识》(以下简称共识)产生过程并进行了解读。 据吴教授介绍,该共识历时一年半的时间,经过数轮研讨,近60位专家参与讨论和修改,将于2014年第4期《中华普通外科杂志》正式发表。 共识包括了引言,慢

第八届北京五洲国际心血管病会议(FICC 2014)的的医学大家论坛上,首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院吴庆华教授阐述了最新版由中华医学会外科分会血管外科学组制定的《慢性下肢静脉疾病诊断与治疗中国专家共识》(以下简称共识)产生过程并进行了解读。

据吴教授介绍,该共识历时一年半的时间,经过数轮研讨,近60位专家参与讨论和修改,将于2014年第4期《中华普通外科杂志》正式发表。

共识包括了引言,慢性下肢静脉疾病的病因、发病机制、诊断、治疗方法和未来发展趋势以及总结部分。其中,小编在此重点整理了共识的治疗部分,以飨读者。

慢性下肢静脉疾病的治疗

吴教授介绍,慢性下肢静脉疾病的治疗原则不仅是去除症状和体征,更重要的是延缓疾病进程;抑制炎症,预防与疾病相关的并发症。

1、生活方式改变:平卧时抬高患肢踝关节和小腿的规律运动;

2、加压治疗:是慢性下肢静脉疾病的最基本和常用的治疗手段,包括弹力袜、弹力绷带和充气加压治疗等;

3、药物治疗:慢性下肢静脉疾病各个阶段均需药物治疗,治疗药物可分为三类静脉活性药物(黄酮类、七叶皂苷和香豆素类)及其他药物(纤维蛋白分解药物、前列腺素E1、己酮可可碱和非甾体抗炎药)。其中,静脉活性药物共同的作用机制为增加静脉张力、降低血管通透性、促进淋巴和静脉回流和提高肌泵功能。静脉活性药物主要用于解除患者的下肢沉重、酸胀不适、疼痛和水肿等临床表现,适用于慢性下肢静脉疾病的各个阶段,可与其他治疗方法联合使用。坚持长期静脉活性药物治疗,可明显改善患者临床症状。

4、硬化剂治疗:是一种将化学药物注入曲张静脉使静脉发生无菌性炎症继而发生纤维性闭塞,达到使曲张静脉萎陷的治疗方法,目前主要为泡沫硬化剂治疗。泡沫硬化剂疗法可用于治疗C1—C6级,5年以上的临床有效率超过80%。美国血管外科学会(SVS)和美国静脉论坛(AVF)相关指南推荐,泡沫硬化剂治疗毛细血管扩张症、网状静脉和静脉曲张的等级为1B级推荐。硬化剂治疗与手术治疗可优势互补,或两者联合治疗更好,但必须明确两者的适应指征。

5、手术治疗:慢性下肢静脉疾病的手术治疗目的在于缓解症状,解除持续静脉高压带来的不良后果,去除可见的静脉曲张,纠正静脉返流,手术方式包括传统手术、深静脉瓣膜修复术和现在微创手术。其中,患者有以下指征才考虑传统手术治疗。

① 有中重度慢性下肢静脉疾病功能不全的临床表现,包括大范围的静脉曲张;伴有疼痛、肢体酸胀和小腿疲劳感;浅静脉血栓性静脉炎;湿疹性皮炎,色素沉着,硬质性硬皮改变;静脉破裂出血;静脉性溃疡形成;临床分级在C4—C6,超声/造影检查证明浅静脉返流(超生返流时间>2.0—3.0s)。

② 辅助检查结果显示,静脉充盈时间<12s、静息压和运动后的静脉压差<40%。

③ 浅静脉曲张、无症状或有轻度症状,临床分级在C2—C3,但有治疗需求的患者。

④ 有以上手术指征,且诊断深静脉通畅方能手术。



最后,吴教授总结呼吁重视静脉疾病的规范化诊治,重视早期治疗,给予药物和加压治疗或二者联合治疗以及联合手术治疗等综合治疗手段可遏制和缓解慢性下肢静脉疾病病理生理变化方面有显著的作用,同时对进一步巩固手术疗效具有重要作用。另外,对有静脉曲张复发潜质的患者,术后结合加压和药物等长期治疗,对促进术后恢复和巩固手术疗效有益。

以下为吴教授讲课的其它部分幻灯:










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    2014-04-17 docwu2019