N Engl J Med:非洲本地恶性疟原虫对青蒿素抗性的出现

2017-03-13 MedSci MedSci原创

青蒿素是在大多数国家是治疗疟疾的一线药物,在疟疾流行的非洲其作用显得尤为重要。然而随着恶性疟原虫已经在东南亚的许多国家对青蒿素的抗性的出现,国际社会开始高度关注青蒿素在非洲的抗性情况。在赤道几内亚,疟疾流行率一直很高,青蒿素联合治疗作为最常用的治疗方式。在赤道几内亚和具有类似疟疾传播的非洲国家中,应该警惕非洲恶性疟对青蒿素的耐药性,监测潜在的青蒿素抗性出现。

青蒿素是在大多数国家是治疗疟疾的一线药物,在疟疾流行的非洲其作用显得尤为重要。然而随着恶性疟原虫已经在东南亚的许多国家对青蒿素的抗性的出现,国际社会开始高度关注青蒿素在非洲的抗性情况。近日,中国江苏血吸虫病预防控制所的研究人员报道了非洲本地恶性疟原虫对青蒿素抗性的出现,该研究发表于国际权威杂志new england journal of medicine上,

2013128日,在中国江苏省的一家医院,一名43岁的男性(在这里称为CWX)被诊断为恶性疟疾。该患者于2012123日在赤道几内亚工作20个月后返回中国,在非洲他先后接受了六次疟疾治疗。然而由于治疗不规范,每次发作相关的日期和治疗方案均未知。在到达赤道几内亚之前,患者没有疟疾病史。患者于20121120日开始接受青蒿琥酯单一疗法。

在江苏进行检测时,在外周血检测到恶性疟原虫,起始原虫密度为4221个每微升,并采用PCR法确认单虫种感染。在直接观察下患者接受8片双氢青蒿素(40mg)和哌喹(320mg)的组合疗法。原虫血症在接下来的3天内下降,但是在治疗后第3天仍然检测到疟原虫。直到7天才再未检测到疟原虫。相比之下,来自同一国家的其他三个分离株第3天就检测不到无性体。

体外环状期生存测定显示CWX分离株的存活率为2.29%,且显着高于对照组中恶性疟原虫株(包括野生型菌株3D7)和来自另一中国工人(该工人于2013年从赤道几内亚回到中国)体内的分离株(SBC)的存活率,但低于具有C580Y kelch13突变的青蒿素抗性虫株的存活率。在东南亚,恶性疟原虫编码kelch13K13)基因多态性与青蒿素耐药性相关。CWX分离株中K13的测序揭示了先前未报道的非同义单核苷酸多态性(SNP),导致在氨基酸位置579M579I)从甲硫氨酸转换为异亮氨酸。

为了确定CWX虫株是否是赤道几内亚本地虫株,研究人员进行了全基因组测序(欧洲核苷酸存档登录号,PRJEB18721),并与来自全世界245恶性疟原虫株的SNP位点进行比较。主成分分析显示,CWX虫株为非洲来源的,而非来自世界其它地方。

在赤道几内亚,疟疾流行率一直很高,青蒿素联合治疗作为最常用的治疗方式。在赤道几内亚和具有类似疟疾传播的非洲国家中,应该警惕非洲恶性疟对青蒿素的耐药性,监测潜在的青蒿素抗性出现。

原始出处:

Feng Lu, Richard Culleton, Meihua Zhang, et al. Emergence of Indigenous Artemisinin-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Africa. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:991-993March 9, 2017DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1612765

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    2017-09-24 spoonycyy
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    2017-03-19 yige2012
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    2018-02-21 haouestc
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