胎儿MRI检查安全吗?

2015-02-10 医学 家庭医生在线

1983年Smith等首次报道应用磁共振成像(Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)技术对胎儿进行检查,国内应用较晚,始于1995年,近几年才开始越来越多地应用于胎儿各系统的检查,尤其是神经系统,已成为胎儿超声检查的重要补充手段。虽然MRI在胎儿腹部和盆腔的应用较胎儿中枢神经系统和胸部少,但是在超声诊断困难的情况下,MR检查能够提供重要的解剖信息,辅助诊断,帮助和指导

1983年Smith等首次报道应用磁共振成像(Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)技术对胎儿进行检查,国内应用较晚,始于1995年,近几年才开始越来越多地应用于胎儿各系统的检查,尤其是神经系统,已成为胎儿超声检查的重要补充手段。虽然MRI在胎儿腹部和盆腔的应用较胎儿中枢神经系统和胸部少,但是在超声诊断困难的情况下,MR检查能够提供重要的解剖信息,辅助诊断,帮助和指导制定围产期手术计划和方案。

胎儿MRI检查的安全性

有很多孕妇认为,产前检查尽量不要做核磁共振(MRI),做B超就足够了,因为MRI会产生辐射,对胎儿有害。实际上,这是一种错误的观点。MRI成像是断层成像的一种,它利用磁共振现象从人体中获得电磁信号,并重建出人体信息。MRI不用注射放射性同位素就可成像,因此担心射线辐射是多余的。国外早已将其应用于产前检查。

在诊断胎儿神经系统、心脏等的畸形上,MRI的正确率明显优于B超。借助MRI也可对肺发育不良的胎儿进行胎肺体积测定,并判定胎儿预后。但在早孕期,美国放射学会建议要慎用。

关于MRI检查是否有电离辐射损害胚胎发育,到目前为止还没有明确的界定,国际磁共振成像安全委员会( SMRI)要求告知接受检查的妊妇,美国食品与药品管理局( FDA)建议胎儿MRI检查应在妊娠满3个月后进行,ShellockFG等认为临床常规应用1.5T MRI对孕妇或胎儿可以行MRI检查,不管是否处于妊娠的前3个月都可以进行。英国国家放射防护委员会也表明是安全可行的。值得一提的是,因为Gd-DTPA可通过胎盘,产生宫内副反应,即轻度延缓动物发育,故到目前为止,没有进行孕妇静脉MRI增强检查胎儿的文献报道。

怀孕第一期避免核磁共振(MRI)检查

事实上,若医学上有正当理由必需作核磁共振检查,能够安全的实施在妊娠任何时期。但依据英国国家放射性保护学会建议,怀孕第一期能避免核磁共振检查较好,因为怀孕初期是胎儿器官发育的关键时刻。此外,怀孕初期流产率也较高(15%),核磁共振检查很容易成为待罪羔羊

至于核磁共振扫描仪产生的快速共振电磁流噪音,是否会对子宫内胎儿产生听力影响,英国曾有两篇报告显示不会有胎儿听力伤害。需要使用显影剂核磁共振 显影剂通常作用改变附近氢核子磁场效应,而非经由放射不透性药物分类是属于C级,目前暂无造成先天性异常案例报导。

可以理解有些人担心显影剂安全性而建议不使用,事实上此显影剂通常也用于新生儿及儿童放射检查,根据美国放射线学会建议,经过深度详细咨询后告知孕妇及胎儿核磁共振检查的好处及潜在风险可以使用。欧洲泌尿生殖放射学会通讯指导准则声明,当怀孕妇女有医学上理由需要核磁共振检查时可以使用显影剂。显影剂尽 可能使用最低浓度需要剂量, 不建议使用于肾功能不良孕妇,因其有可能造成肾源性全身性纤维化。如有显影剂过敏反应、空间幽闭恐慌症、心律调节器, 体内金属植入物或外科手术金属夹,不建议核磁共振仪检查。


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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=23565, encodeId=64582356546, content=有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36b41624922, createdName=JinFish, createdTime=Fri May 15 07:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19411, encodeId=8b2a19411ec, content=我不喜欢说一个检查优于另一个,配合一起去诊断对患者最有益,而不是对比打击。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5cee1620267, createdName=sunjiaxing1982, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 17:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16626, encodeId=e4c216626d3, content=非常好的文章,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Sat Feb 21 10:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16546, encodeId=ce001654672, content=?学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 23:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15788, encodeId=3bc215e880f, content=以阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 14:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15394, encodeId=ef90153940f, content=优生优育更需要MR技术,尤其是胎儿发育评估,MR独特而有用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=123.121.203.**, createdTime=Sat Feb 14 13:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1316034, encodeId=67621316034f8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=37cb1221405' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MRI检查#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12214, encryptionId=37cb1221405, topicName=MRI检查)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=50ba440, createdName=xirongguo, createdTime=Thu Feb 12 04:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-05-15 JinFish

    有用

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=23565, encodeId=64582356546, content=有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36b41624922, createdName=JinFish, createdTime=Fri May 15 07:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19411, encodeId=8b2a19411ec, content=我不喜欢说一个检查优于另一个,配合一起去诊断对患者最有益,而不是对比打击。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5cee1620267, createdName=sunjiaxing1982, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 17:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16626, encodeId=e4c216626d3, content=非常好的文章,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Sat Feb 21 10:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16546, encodeId=ce001654672, content=?学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 23:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15788, encodeId=3bc215e880f, content=以阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 14:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15394, encodeId=ef90153940f, content=优生优育更需要MR技术,尤其是胎儿发育评估,MR独特而有用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=123.121.203.**, createdTime=Sat Feb 14 13:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1316034, encodeId=67621316034f8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=37cb1221405' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MRI检查#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12214, encryptionId=37cb1221405, topicName=MRI检查)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=50ba440, createdName=xirongguo, createdTime=Thu Feb 12 04:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-04 sunjiaxing1982

    我不喜欢说一个检查优于另一个,配合一起去诊断对患者最有益,而不是对比打击。

    0

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    2015-02-21 orthoW

    非常好的文章,学习

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=23565, encodeId=64582356546, content=有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36b41624922, createdName=JinFish, createdTime=Fri May 15 07:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19411, encodeId=8b2a19411ec, content=我不喜欢说一个检查优于另一个,配合一起去诊断对患者最有益,而不是对比打击。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5cee1620267, createdName=sunjiaxing1982, createdTime=Sat Apr 04 17:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16626, encodeId=e4c216626d3, content=非常好的文章,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Sat Feb 21 10:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16546, encodeId=ce001654672, content=?学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 23:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15788, encodeId=3bc215e880f, content=以阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c68e1614119, createdName=windmilL1989, createdTime=Mon Feb 16 14:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15394, encodeId=ef90153940f, content=优生优育更需要MR技术,尤其是胎儿发育评估,MR独特而有用。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=123.121.203.**, createdTime=Sat Feb 14 13:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1316034, encodeId=67621316034f8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=37cb1221405' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MRI检查#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12214, encryptionId=37cb1221405, topicName=MRI检查)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=50ba440, createdName=xirongguo, createdTime=Thu Feb 12 04:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-19 orthoW

    ?学习了

    0

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    2015-02-16 windmilL1989

    以阅

    0

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    2015-02-14 123.121.203.**

    优生优育更需要MR技术,尤其是胎儿发育评估,MR独特而有用。

    0

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