Cell Stem Cell:多能干细胞分化特化神经细胞

2016-11-09 生物通 生物通

人类多能干细胞 (hPSCs)是目前生物学领域最引人注目的话题之一,其原因在于hPSCs可通过改善机体再生能力,为治疗许多疾病提供了一个潜在的途径。此外,hPSCs系统也适用于药物筛选和毒性测试。通过hPSCs构建神经发育模型,为分析神经早期发育,病理进程和治疗方法开辟了一个新的通道,在最新一期(11月3日)的Cell Stem Cell杂志上,威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校Waisman中心的张素春(S

人类多能干细胞 (hPSCs)是目前生物学领域最引人注目的话题之一,其原因在于hPSCs可通过改善机体再生能力,为治疗许多疾病提供了一个潜在的途径。此外,hPSCs系统也适用于药物筛选和毒性测试。

通过hPSCs构建神经发育模型,为分析神经早期发育,病理进程和治疗方法开辟了一个新的通道,在最新一期(11月3日)的Cell Stem Cell杂志上,威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校Waisman中心的张素春(Su-Chun Zhang)教授发表综述,介绍了来源自人类多能干细胞的特化神经细胞。

他指出,hPSCs来源的功能性特化神经细胞亚型具有根据动物实验得来的发育基本规律,操控这些规律能获得高度富集的神经类型(类似于大脑中的功能属性)。并且利用这些亚型,能进一步快速发育成成熟神经,以及随着环路整合发生的衰退,从而帮助科学家们了解疾病和细胞治疗中hPSCs的潜力。

今年4月,张教授等人就这样构建出了两种相关的细胞类型,目的在于显示小鼠帕金森症状何时减轻的行为测试,证实了“上调”和“下调”开关如预期那样起作用。

这些细胞类型被用于检测设计药物时,一种类型的细胞提高了多巴胺生成;另一种则终止了多巴胺生成。他表示“在工程细胞移植到小鼠大脑中后,我们可以采用只对表达设计受体的细胞起作用的设计药物,开启或关闭,上调或下调它们。这种药物不会影响任何的宿主细胞因为它们没有这种专门的受体。这是一个非常干净的系统。”

这项研究第一次表明采用人类干细胞移植,可以远程调控移植细胞的功能,且功能是可逆的。如果你拿走药物,它就会恢复原状。

张素春教授是著名的WiCell研究所创始人之一。他的实验室主要研究胚胎干细胞(尤其是人胚胎干细胞)的神经分化,是该领域做的最好的实验室。他的贡献包括曾在国际上首次将人胚胎干细胞分化成神经前体细胞,将胚胎干细胞分化成各种类型神经元及胶质细胞,研究关键基因(如Pax6等)在神经系统发育中的作用等。


原始出处:

Yunlong Tao,Su-Chun Zhang. Neural Subtype Specification from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell. 3 November 2016.Volume 19,Issue 5,p573–586.

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    2017-02-04 维他命
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