美国肝病研究学会更新 基因1型慢性HCV感染治疗指南

2012-02-04 MedSci MedSci原创

 近两年来,丙型肝炎尤其是基因1型丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染治疗研究的进展很快,特别是直接作用抗病毒(DAA)药物的问世,给HCV感染的治疗带来了新希望。目前有两种HCV的NS3/4A蛋白酶抑制剂博赛泼维(boceprevir,BOC)和特拉泼维(telaprevir,TVR)已被美国食品药物管理局(FDA)批准上市。为此,美国肝病研究学会(AASLD)于2011年10月更新了。在D3和D4版,我

 近两年来,丙型肝炎尤其是基因1型丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染治疗研究的进展很快,特别是直接作用抗病毒(DAA)药物的问世,给HCV感染的治疗带来了新希望。目前有两种HCV的NS3/4A蛋白酶抑制剂博赛泼维(boceprevir,BOC)和特拉泼维(telaprevir,TVR)已被美国食品药物管理局(FDA)批准上市。为此,美国肝病研究学会(AASLD)于2011年10月更新了。在D3和D4版,我们分别摘要刊登该指南的部分推荐意见及北京大学人民医院、北京大学肝病研究所魏来教授对该指南的解读。敬请关注。

  基因1型慢性HCV感染治疗指南

  1.初治患者的治疗  

  循证医学证据

  博赛泼维

  SPRINT-2研究显示,4周聚乙二醇干扰素α(Peg-IFNα)联合利巴韦林(RBV,标准治疗)的导入期治疗后,24周BOC联合标准治疗的三联应答指导治疗(RGT)治疗,以及44周的BOC三联治疗,与标准治疗相比,可明显提高丙型肝炎基因1型初治患者的持续病毒学应答(SVR)率,分别为63%、66%和38%。且24周BOC三联RGT治疗与44周BOC三联治疗疗效相似。在白人及黑人中均可发现同样的结果。

  特拉泼维

  ADVANCE研究显示,TVR联合标准治疗对于基因1型感染初治患者,即使TVR治疗8周和12周后继续标准方案的治疗,SVR率仍可达69%和75%,而标准治疗组仅为44%。

  ILLUMINATE试验是开放性随机试验,旨在评价对于TVR三联治疗获延长快速病毒学应答(eRVR)的患者,将疗程从24周延长至48周是否有益,发现延长疗程并不能改善SVR,24周和48周疗程的SVR率分别为92%和87.5%。

  推荐意见

  1. 基因1型慢性丙型肝炎患者的优化治疗可为BOC或TVR联合Peg-IFNα和RBV的三联治疗(1,A)。

  2. BOC和TVR不能单独使用,必须联合Peg-IFNα和RBV(根据体重调整剂量)使用(1,A)。

  针对初治患者

  3. 在为期4周的Peg-IFNα和RBV导入期治疗后,推荐BOC (800 mg,3次/天,间隔7~9小时,餐中服用)联合Peg-IFNα和RBV三联治疗24~44周(1,A)。

  4. 对于无肝硬化的患者,经4周导入期治疗后,给予BOC联合Peg-IFNα和RBV三联治疗,如HCV RNA在第8周及24周检测不到,则可给予28周(4周导入期和24周三联治疗)的短疗程治疗(2a,B)。

  5. 对于BOC 、Peg-IFNα和RBV的三联治疗,如治疗第12周HCV RNA>100 IU/ml或24周仍可检测到HCV RNA,应停止治疗(2a,B)。

  6. TVR推荐剂量为750 mg,3次/天(间隔7~9小时),餐(非低脂饮食)中服用, TVR联合Peg-IFNα和RBV三联治疗12周,之后给予Peg-IFNα和RBV治疗12~36周(1,A)。

  7. 对于无肝硬化的患者,给予TVR联合Peg-IFNα和RBV三联治疗,如HCV RNA在第4及12周检测不到,则可给予24周短疗程治疗(2a,A)。

  8. 对于 肝硬化患者,给予BOC或TVR联合Peg-IFNα和RBV三联治疗,疗程应为48周(2a,B)。

  9. 对于TVR联合Peg-IFNα和RBV的三联治疗,如治疗的第4周或12周时的HCV RNA>1000 IU/ml和(或)24周时仍然可以检测到HCV RNA,就应该停止治疗(2a,B)。

  2.经治患者的治疗

  循证医学证据

  博赛泼维

  RESPOND-2研究显示,在基因1型治疗失败者中,采用BOC三联治疗,SVR率高于单用标准方案,在复发患者中,SVR率分别为75%和69%,标准方案组为29%;在部分应答患者中,SVR 率分别为52%和40%,标准方案组为7%。

  特拉泼维

  REALIZE研究显示,在经治患者中,尤其是在复发者中,TVR三联治疗(总疗程48周)可显著增加SVR。在初始联合TVR12周或4周后联合TVR12周,复发者的SVR率分别为83%和88%,而标准治疗组为24%;部分应答者的SVR率分别为59%和54%,而标准方案组为15%;无应答者的SVR率分别为29%和33%,而标准方案组为5%。

  对于复发患者,如能获得eRVR,疗程也许能缩短至24周。

  推荐意见

  10. 对于经过标准的干扰素-α或者Peg-IFNα和(或)RBV治疗但出现复发或者出现部分应答的患者,推荐给予BOC或TVR联合Peg-IFNα和RBV的三联治疗(1,A)。

  11. 对于经标准的干扰素α或者Peg-IFNα和(或)RBV治疗而无应答的患者,推荐给予TVR联合Peg-IFNα和RBV的三联治疗(2b,B)。

  12. 基于BOC或TVR三联治疗的RGT策略,可用于复发患者的治疗(BOC为2a,B; TVR为2b,C),也可用于部分应答患者的治疗(BOC:2b,B; TVR:3,C),但不推荐用于无应答患者(3,C)。

  13. 对于接受BOC联合Peg-IFNα和RBV治疗的经治患者,如第12周HCV RNA>100 IU/ml,应该停止所有治疗,因为患者可能已发生了病毒耐药(1,B)。

  14. 对于接受TVR联合Peg-IFNα和RBV治疗的经治患者,如果第4或12周HCV RNA>1000 IU/ml,应停止所有治疗,因为患者可能发生了病毒耐药(1,B)。

  3.患者的监测

  推荐意见

  15. 给予基于蛋白酶抑制剂的联合治疗时,如果患者出现贫血,则应考虑进行RBV的减量(2a,A)。

  16. 给予基于蛋白酶抑制剂的联合治疗时,应该严密监测患者的血清HCV RNA水平。如果出现病毒学突破(血清HCV RNA水平相对最低点升高超过1 log),则应停止蛋白酶抑制剂的治疗(1,A)。

  17. 当给予一种蛋白抑制剂联合治疗时,患者如果没有出现病毒学应答,或者出现了病毒学突破,或者出现了复发,则不应该再给予另外一种蛋白酶抑制剂的治疗(2a,C)。

  4.基因IL28B的检测

  循证医学证据

  编码干扰素γ的IL28B基因多态性与丙型肝炎抗病毒治疗后SVR的获得以及HCV自发清除的关系非常密切,其中一个起重要作用的就是单核苷酸多肽性(SNP)是rs12979860。

  一项研究显示,在接受标准方案治疗的白人患者中,rs12979860 CC者的SVR率为69%,而CT者为33%,TT者为27%;在接受标准方案治疗的黑人患者中,rs12979860 CC患者SVR率为48%,而CT患者为15%,TT患者为13%。

  对于蛋白酶抑制联合标准方案的三联治疗,IL28B基因型也与SVR的获得有关。

  在SPRINT-2研究中,白人患者rs12979860 CC的SVR率为80%,而CT患者为71%,TT患者为59%。

  ADVANCE研究中,白人患者rs12979860 CC的SVR率为90%,而CT患者为71%,TT患者为73%。且IL28B基因型与eRVR相关。

  推荐意见

  18. 对于Peg-IFNα和RBV的标准方案治疗或者基因1型HCV感染患者接受联合蛋白酶抑制剂的三联治疗,IL28B基因型均是预测患者获得SVR的强有力因素。

  因此,在治疗前应该考虑对患者进行IL28B基因型的检测,以了解患者在治疗后获得病毒学应答的可能性,并帮助确定患者的治疗疗程。

  本指南由北京大学人民医院 、北京大学肝病研究所饶慧瑛摘译,在此表示感谢。

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    2015-09-27 hector

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    2012-02-05 ymljack
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