中国科学家修改人类胚胎基因引争议

2015-04-24 孙学军 孙学军博客

中山大学生物学副教授黄军就等,利用最新的基因编程技术CRISPR/Cas9修改了β珠蛋白基因,该基因突变会导致地中海贫血。显然这一技术是希望对这一突变基因进行修改,目的是实现对地中海贫血这一遗传病的基因治疗。地中海贫血中国南方是儿童中最常见,这是一种可致命的血液遗传性疾病。 该研究论文最近发表在Protein & Cell(蛋白质和细胞)杂志上。这是中国科学家团队首次成功修改人类胚胎的D

中山大学生物学副教授黄军就等,利用最新的基因编程技术CRISPR/Cas9修改了β珠蛋白基因,该基因突变会导致地中海贫血。显然这一技术是希望对这一突变基因进行修改,目的是实现对地中海贫血这一遗传病的基因治疗。地中海贫血中国南方是儿童中最常见,这是一种可致命的血液遗传性疾病。

该研究论文最近发表在Protein & Cell(蛋白质和细胞)杂志上。这是中国科学家团队首次成功修改人类胚胎的DNA,这一研究受到国内许多科学家的赞扬,但却在西方引起争议和批评。

这一研究论文最初投给《自然》与《科学》,但由于修改人类胚胎基因存在伦理学争议,论文被这些杂志拒绝。在《蛋白质与细胞》中,论文作者发表文章表示,他们明白这一研究存在道德争议。

虽然研究使用的是医院丢弃的异常胚胎,这些胚胎是接受数个精子的卵子,数十年来这些胚胎在世界各地实验室都被广泛使用,它们不会成功孕育出婴儿。

有一些学者尤其是许多中国学者认为,这一技术具有重要应用前景,因为这意味着可以对存在遗传缺陷的胎儿进行基因修改治疗,以避免这种患者出生后发生遗传病。但是也有学者认为这种研究已经突破了伦理学底线。今年3月在《自然》杂志上就有学者提出对人类胚胎进行基因修改存在风险,如雄性生殖修改就存在无法预料的风险。科学家还表示,对人类胚胎的研究不进行严格限制可能会导致不安全和不符合伦理地使用这种即使。

《自然》杂志上,英国生物学家Edward Lanphier对这一研究表示批评。他说应暂停这类研究,需要进行广泛讨论后才能进一步研究。哈佛大学医学院干细胞学家George Daley认为,这是国际上首次报道成功使用CRISPR/Cas9对人类胚胎细胞进行的基因编辑,这一研究无疑具有里程碑意义,但是绝对不要误以为人类已经可以将这种技术应用于人类疾病治疗。

清华大学生物学教授陈国强表示,有关批评所提出的要求过于武断。如果完全满足批评者的所有要求,有关人类胚胎的研究就完全不能做了。这一领域研究突破最终会惠及所有人,人类DNA修改就是一把钥匙,可以帮助我们找到许多疾病治疗方法,帮助人们提高健康、保持年轻、延长寿命。未来这些都是可能的,也会让很多家庭脱离痛苦和折磨。

复旦大学生物学家赵世民说,黄军就团队的研究完全没有道德问题。他们只用无活性胚胎进行实验,研究距离临床或商业应用还很远很远。人类DNA编辑是大势所趋,不可避免,这类技术已经在植物、动物上成功应用,用于人类只是时间问题。但赵世民也提出,像其他科学技术一样,编辑基因有其局限性和风险。改变基因序列可能会导致意外问题,这种问题可能会从一代传到下一代,引发其他缺陷或疾病。这类研究应该被允许,但是必须被严格控制在实验室内。大量、不受控制地编辑DNA甚至会导致人类灭绝。

黄军就的发现似乎印证了赵世民的看法。黄军就团队用86个废弃胚胎进行研究,发现DNA编辑只在其中28个胚胎中获得成功,成功率大约为30%。此外还有其他值得警惕的问题。CRISPR基因编程技术,容易发生目标错误,这种情况可导致胚胎存在变异。

在论文中黄军就等指出,使用这种技术应该小心。实验结果说明,从基因编辑到基因疗法技术,中间有明显障碍,在开展任何临床应用前,仍然需要需要科学问题需要研究。

这类研究曾经反复引起学者的强烈争议,10年前,韩国科学家黄禹锡报道克隆人类胚胎时,曾在国内受到大量好评,但后来他的研究被认为是造假。从2001年起,黄禹锡的研究重点从动物转向了人类胚胎干细胞方面的研究。2004年2月他在美国《科学》杂志上发表论文,宣布在世界上率先用卵子成功培育出人类胚胎干细胞。2005年5月,他又在《科学》杂志上发表论文,宣布攻克了利用患者体细胞克隆胚胎干细胞的科学难题,为全世界癌症患者带来了希望,其研究成果轰动了世界。当时韩国人民希望他有一天夺得诺贝尔奖。2005年12月,他被揭发伪造多项研究成果,韩国举国哗然。黄禹锡发表在《科学》杂志上的干细胞研究成果均属子虚乌有。 2009年10月26日,韩国法院裁定,黄禹锡侵吞政府研究经费、非法买卖卵子罪成立,被判2年徒刑,缓刑3年。

亚洲科学家在人类胚胎的研究和实验上比西方科学家享有更大的自由,主要是亚洲对这类研究有更大的公众接纳度和更少的宗教禁忌。有了解中国这方面研究的人透露,至少有4家单位正在开展人类胚胎基因修改的研究。

原始出处

David Cyranoski& Sara Reardon.Chinese scientists genetically modify human embryos.NATURE | NEWS 22 April 2015

Liang P, Xu Y, Zhang X, Ding C, Huang R, Zhang Z, Lv J, Xie X, Chen Y, Li Y et al: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human tripronuclear zygotes. Protein & cell 2015:1-10.

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    2015-05-07 chaie1217

    ~~

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2023294, encodeId=2cb720232948f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=472d83e14e0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83714, encryptionId=472d83e14e0, topicName=胚胎基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=huhuaidong387, createdTime=Tue Mar 01 05:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2024213, encodeId=a7672024213c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=79f4219392b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国科学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21939, encryptionId=79f4219392b, topicName=中国科学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=66ec123, createdName=guihongzh, createdTime=Mon Jan 04 09:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22844, encodeId=ade4228442c, content=~~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=chaie1217, createdTime=Thu May 07 01:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22251, encodeId=096b22251fc, content=西方出现太多像小胡子那样的疯子了,企图依靠科学手段来“净化人种”等等,让他们心有余悸,而且偏保守的基督教派别本来就对堕胎,**,同性恋等抱有各种成见。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=162, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7a871623146, createdName=quanqiurehezhan, createdTime=Wed Apr 29 12:22:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315250, encodeId=73e61315250f2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Sun Apr 26 06:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1516878, encodeId=05c015168e8dc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f1232194031' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国科学家#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21940, encryptionId=f1232194031, topicName=中国科学家)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbca11021083, createdName=12498e5fm15(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun Apr 26 06:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21956, encodeId=19bf219566f, content=估计有可能, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=cspcsp, createdTime=Sat Apr 25 12:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21957, encodeId=c6c52195e11, content=你懂的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=cspcsp, createdTime=Sat Apr 25 12:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-29 quanqiurehezhan

    西方出现太多像小胡子那样的疯子了,企图依靠科学手段来“净化人种”等等,让他们心有余悸,而且偏保守的基督教派别本来就对堕胎,**,同性恋等抱有各种成见。

    0

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    2015-04-26 ailian1202
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2023294, encodeId=2cb720232948f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=472d83e14e0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83714, encryptionId=472d83e14e0, topicName=胚胎基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=huhuaidong387, createdTime=Tue Mar 01 05:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2024213, encodeId=a7672024213c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=79f4219392b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国科学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21939, encryptionId=79f4219392b, topicName=中国科学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=66ec123, createdName=guihongzh, createdTime=Mon Jan 04 09:08:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22844, encodeId=ade4228442c, content=~~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=chaie1217, createdTime=Thu May 07 01:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=22251, encodeId=096b22251fc, content=西方出现太多像小胡子那样的疯子了,企图依靠科学手段来“净化人种”等等,让他们心有余悸,而且偏保守的基督教派别本来就对堕胎,**,同性恋等抱有各种成见。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=162, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7a871623146, createdName=quanqiurehezhan, createdTime=Wed Apr 29 12:22:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1315250, encodeId=73e61315250f2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6fcc83e0554' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胚胎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83705, encryptionId=6fcc83e0554, topicName=胚胎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6393434, createdName=ailian1202, createdTime=Sun Apr 26 06:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1516878, encodeId=05c015168e8dc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f1232194031' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中国科学家#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=21940, encryptionId=f1232194031, topicName=中国科学家)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cbca11021083, createdName=12498e5fm15(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun Apr 26 06:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21956, encodeId=19bf219566f, content=估计有可能, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=cspcsp, createdTime=Sat Apr 25 12:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21957, encodeId=c6c52195e11, content=你懂的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=cspcsp, createdTime=Sat Apr 25 12:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2015-04-25 cspcsp

    估计有可能

    0

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    2015-04-25 cspcsp

    你懂的

    0

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据BBC报道,英国议会3日就是否允许拥有3个父母的婴儿出生进行决定性表决,结果以382票赞成,128票反对获得通过。英国将在明年初诞生第一位这样的婴儿。不久前,英国人类受精和 管理局发布了一项科研报告,称若采用一种微创形式的试管婴儿技术,能降低新生儿生理缺陷的风险。通俗地说,就是将一个卵子中有缺陷的线粒体取出,替换成另一名女子的线粒体。根据科学家的介绍,这样可以帮助避免“线粒体遗传疾病,包括肌无力